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Article Summary:
Our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) has immense untapped therapeutic potential, and anandamide is an integral part of that system. Often called the ‘bliss molecule,’ anandamide supports the optimal functioning of a wide range of processes throughout the nervous, cardiovascular, immune, renal, and gastrointestinal systems.* Although the signaling pathways through which anandamide works are not yet fully understood, clinical studies have established its positive role in maintaining a stable internal environment, or homeostasis.*
Below, we discuss some common anandamide uses to support mental and physical health and well-being.*
You might be wondering how anandamide imparts such widespread beneficial effects throughout the body. Endocannabinoids, like anandamide and 2-Archidonoylglycerol, express themselves when they bind to cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. These two receptors are present throughout the body, located predominantly in the cells of the nervous and immune systems. It is the ubiquity of the body’s two primary cannabinoid receptors that help transmit the beneficial effects of anandamide to multiple organs and systems.*
Anandamide’s uses for various therapeutic applications can be linked to how anandamide benefits body functions. Anandamide is known to support mental health, including memory, sleep, and appetite.* The following table highlights some common uses for anandamide based on current research.
| Short-Term Memory* | The pharmacological elevation of anandamide has been found1 to alter the neurophysiology in the hippocampus, thereby impacting the short-term memory. | |
| Inducing Sleep* | In studies2, anandamide has been found to enhance extracellular levels of adenosine that plays a key role in sleep-wake regulation.* | |
| Regulating Emotions | Research3 suggests the therapeutic role of the endocannabinoid system and anandamide in benefiting emotion and stress responses.* | |
| Dilating Blood Vessels* | Anandamide appears to induce4 vasorelaxation — the widening of blood vessels, particularly pulmonary arteries, indicating a potential use for maintaining healthy cardiovascular function.* | |
| Regulating Appetite* | Anandamide has been found5 to initiate and modulate positive appetitive behavior in rats and humans.* | |
Although your body naturally produces anandamide, certain health conditions can inhibit its sufficient production and therefore its ability to help maintain homeostasis. Excessive enzyme activity — such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) — has been found to aggravate the degradation of the bliss molecule. A suboptimal anandamide level might adversely affect the entire body, especially compromising a person’s ability to adapt to stress-related environments.*
It is possible to stimulate the body’s natural production of anandamide by consuming anandamide-rich foods, including cacao nibs, dark chocolate, black truffles, meat, fish, seafood, eggs, and certain herbs and spices like oregano, black pepper, cloves, etc. Ingesting anandamide in the form of a nutritional supplement is another convenient way to enhance the anandamide levels.
AnaQuell®, a proprietary nutritional supplement formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research, contains anandamide and L-citrulline to beneficially impact the body’s response to stress and mild (non-GAD) anxiety. L-citrulline is a natural precursor of L-arginine and is a critical component for nitric oxide production. AnaQuell’s innovative formula brings the best of both ingredients — the beneficial effects of anandamide in supporting good mental health and enhancing blood flow, as well as nutrient delivery to the brain through citrulline.*
The ground-breaking CyLoc® – DexKey® nano-molecular nutrient delivery technology further ensures the delivery of anandamide molecules through the gut wall for maximum absorption and bioavailability. The CyLoc® technology encases each molecule of the active ingredients to protect them from early degradation. The DexKey® technology releases the active ingredient molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for optimal absorption and enhanced therapeutic efficiency in modulating responses to stress and mild (non-GAD) anxiety.*
AnaQuell® is available as both a quick-release (QR) formula for an immediate physiological response, and as sustained release (SR) formula, for prolonged benefits during situations causing stress or mild (non-GAD) anxiety.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing bioavailability and absorption, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can help support neurological health.*
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Citations:
1Goonawardena, Anushka V, et al. Neuropharmacology vol. 61,5-6 (2011): 1016-25. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.003
2Murillo-Rodríguez, E, et al. Brain Research vol. 812,1-2 (1998): 270-4. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00969-x
3Marco, EM, Viveros MP. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry vol. 9,12 (2009): 1407-15. doi:10.2174/138955709789957468
4Giménez M, Margarita V, et al. Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease vol. 12,7 (2018): 177-190. doi:10.1177/1753944718773690
5Jamshidi, N, and Taylor, DA. British Journal of Pharmacology vol. 134,6 (2001): 1151-4. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704379
Article Summary:
The role of anandamide in benefiting brain function has drawn significant scientific interest since its 1992 discovery. The name is rooted in the Sanskrit word Ananda, or ‘internal bliss,’ which emphasizes the molecule’s beneficial effect in regulating emotional and mental well-being. Anandamide can support a healthy response to mild anxiety (not Generalized Anxiety Disorder), mood changes, stress, and trauma.* It might also improve sleep cycles, dilate blood vessels, and help maintain healthy levels of emotional well-being and appetite.*
We discuss below how anandamide, the ‘bliss’ molecule, produces feelings of happiness and how you can enhance your body’s anandamide level with a nutritional supplement.
It’s important to note that research into the highly complex, interconnected endocannabinoid system is ongoing, and our understanding continues to evolve as the research progresses. The endocannabinoids, theirreceptors, and associated enzymes constitute the human endocannabinoid system (ECS) — a group of neuromodulatory lipids associated with positive emotional processing. The body produces endocannabinoids naturally — compounds similar to the substances found in cannabis (tetrahydrocanabinol) — and releases these compounds in response to different physiological needs or imbalances. The two main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), activate the endocannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), which receive and process chemical signals.
| Endocannabinoid | Receptor |
 AEA |
 CB1 |
 2-AG |
 CB2 |
Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 4
Anandamide primarily binds to and activates CB1 receptors located across several regions of the body and brain.* An enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), breaks down the bliss molecule into ethanolamine and arachidonic acid. Studies show that inhibiting the activity of the FAAH enzyme blocks anandamide’s intracellular breakdown, leading to elevated levels in the body.
Your feel-good emotions and sensations are the result of four key hormones — dopamine, oxytocin, serotonin, and endorphins. Let’s examine how anandamide beneficially influences the activity of these four hormones to create a sense of bliss.
The Effect of Anandamide on Hormones to Promote Happiness | ||
| HORMONE | ACTIVITY | |
| Dopamine | Research shows1 that stimulating CB1 receptors induces dopamine release in the brain. Findings2 suggest that endocannabinoids help maintain regular dopamine neurotransmissions and filter dopamine to downstream targets. | |
| Oxytocin | Research studies3 highlight how blocking anandamide’s effects also blocks the effects of oxytocin, a hormone associated with interpersonal bonding. Stimulation of oxytocin-producing neurons resulted in increased anandamide production in the brain. | |
| Serotonin | Studies show4 that endocannabinoids help maintain regular levels of serotonin release in the central nervous system to modulate stress-related behaviors. | |
| Endorphins | An animall study5 on mice found elevated blood levels of both anandamide and β-endorphin after running, suggesting their combined effects on stimulating the ‘runner’s high’ — a sense of well-being reported by endurance athletes. | |
It’s not surprising that the chemical structures of anandamide and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, are similar, because anandamide has been found to mimic several pharmacological effects of THC.* Both compounds have an overall balancing effect on the brain’s reward circuitry.
Although the body produces anandamide naturally, certain health conditions that cause excessive activity of the FAAH enzyme can aggravate the degradation of anandamide, resulting in its decreased level. Diminishing levels of anandamide might lead to improper regulation of mood, sleep, digestion, and other vital functions, thereby disrupting the body’s internal equilibrium, or homeostasis.
A balanced diet consisting of anandamide-rich food sources and a healthy lifestyle helps naturally maintain an optimal anandamide level. An anandamide nutritional supplement can also help fill gaps in your diet.
Tesseract Medical Research has developed an anandamide supplement, AnaQuell®, to serve as an effective alternative for individuals experiencing anandamide imbalance and its associated negative effects. In addition to anandamide, AnaQuell® contains L-citrulline, the natural precursor of L-arginine, which is required for nitric oxide (NO) production.* The presence of L-citrulline in AnaQuell improves NO production, thereby supporting enhanced blood flow and nutrient delivery to the brain.* Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology solubilizes anandamide to enable its delivery through the gut wall for unprecedented absorption and bioavailability. AnaQuell’s innovative supplement formulation supports the body’s natural response to stress, mild (non-GAD) anxiety, mood changes, and trauma.*
To learn more about anandamide, the ‘bliss molecule,’ and how you can incorporate it into your diet, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations
1Sperlágh B, et al. Neurochemistry International vol. 54,7 (2009): 452-457. doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.01.017
2Covey DP, et al. Neuropharmacology vol. 124 (2017): 52-61. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.033
3Wei D, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 112,45 (2015): 14084-14089. doi:10.1073/pnas.1509795112
4Haj-Dahmane S, Roh-Yu S. Neuropharmacology vol. 61,3 (2011): 414-420. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.016
5Fuss J, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 112,42 (2015): 13105-13108. doi:10.1073/pnas.1514996112
Article Summary:
Quercetin and Coenzyme Q10 are both antioxidants. Here’s what makes them different: quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid, known for its bioactive and therapeutic properties. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a biological pigment (quinone) produced naturally by most organisms. In humans, both quercetin and CoQ10, also known as Ubiquinone, demonstrate strong antioxidant effects and support a wide range of health functions.*
Below, we discuss the key similarities and differences between quercetin and CoQ10, how they support your health, and how to incorporate supplements of both nutrients into your diet.
Let’s look more closely at how the antioxidant activity of quercetin and CoQ10 can offer therapeutic benefits , including helping maintain a normal inflammatory response in the body.*
As a flavonol, one of six subclasses of flavonoid compounds, quercetin is found in foods, like berries, apples, cruciferous vegetables, black tea, and red wine. Quercetin is among the many molecules with antioxidant abilities that can inhibit oxidative stress — which is a state of imbalance wherein the body’s production and accumulation of free radicals outweighs its ability to detoxify them. Various studies1 establish that quercetin exercises antioxidant effects on the body by:
The antioxidant properties of quercetin help in down-regulating an exaggerated immune response in the body.* Although CoQ10 plays a similar role, it takes an entirely different route. These two antioxidant molecules use different pathways by which they exert their therapeutic effects in different areas of the body.
Our bodies use CoQ10 as a critical electron carrier in the human mitochondria — the powerhouse of our cells. CoQ10 plays a key role in mitochondrial energy production by converting carbohydrates to adenosine triphosphate (ATP).* Although CoQ10 is omnipresent in human tissues, its level varies depending on cell metabolism. The level of CoQ10 is highest in organs with high metabolism rates, like the heart, liver, and kidney. Primary dietary sources of CoQ10 include whole grains, organ meat (liver), and oily fish, including tuna and salmon.
As a significant lipid antioxidant, CoQ10 has been found2 to produce therapeutic effects by:
These antioxidant properties of CoQ10 promote the optimal functioning of your cardiovascular and immune systems.*
The table below summarizes the similarities and differences between quercetin and CoQ10.
| Similarities | Differences | |
| Quercetin |
|
|
| CoQ10 |
|
|
Although most individuals can consume sufficient amounts of quercetin and CoQ10 with a well-balanced diet, supplementation might be necessary in certain health-related conditions.
Despite the many therapeutic benefits of quercetin and CoQ10, both are poorly absorbed, thereby limiting their beneficial effects. Therefore, an advanced supplement formulation is needed to enhance of these two potent antioxidants for greater bioavailability in the body.
Developed by Tesseract Medical Research, QuerciSorb® features quercetin and utilizes the proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology to ensure its maximum absorption and rapid delivery throughout the intestinal tract. As a highly bioavailable supplement formulation, QuerciSob® makes it easy for your body to absorb quercetin effectively and optimize its immuno-supportive and cardio-protective benefits.*
CoQ10Pro® is another advanced supplement formulation developed by the Tesseract team to support optimal cardiovascular health.* Most formulations containing CoQ10 typically demonstrate poor absorption. Tesseract’s revolutionary nanomolecular nutrient transport system enables optimal solubility and unprecedented absorption of CoQ10 to yield safe and efficacious physiological responses.
To learn more about quercetin vs CoQ10 and how you can incorporate them into your diet in nutritional supplement form, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations:
1Xu, Dong et al. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 24,6 1123. 21 Mar. 2019, doi:10.3390/molecules24061123
2Mantle, David et al. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 10,5 759. 11 May. 2021, doi:10.3390/antiox10050759
Article Summary:
It is well understood that a flavonoid-rich diet consisting of foods like apples, grapes, berries, cruciferous vegetables, black tea, wine, cocoa, and chocolate play an important role in supporting heart health. The class of plant pigments responsible for the distinctive color of fruits and vegetables, called flavonoids, are known to have positive effects on health. One such flavonoid, quercetin, is particularly well-known for its cardioprotective effects and has been extensively studied for its immense therapeutic potential.
Below, we discuss the importance of quercetin for heart health and how you can incorporate this flavonoid into your diet.*
Before understanding how quercetin confers its beneficial effects on heart health,* let’s first look at how quercetin is metabolized and absorbed in the body. The absorption of quercetin glycoside — the naturally occurring form of quercetin in foods, depends on the type of sugar attached to its molecular structure. Research studies1 suggest that quercetin is absorbed in the upper segment of the small intestine. Post-absorption, quercetin and its derivatives are then metabolized in various organs, including the liver, small intestine, colon, and kidneys. The metabolites are then transformed, and/or excreted.
Like other flavonoids, quercetin acts as an antioxidant and helps maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.* These properties of quercetin help mitigate oxidative stress and eliminate the free radicals that can damage cardiovascular tissues.* The table below lists the various roles quercetin plays in supporting cardiovascular function and promoting heart health.*
How Quercetin Benefits Your Heart* | ||
| Inhibiting Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Quercetin was found2 to modulate cell signaling pathways, particularly the TLR-NF-κB pathway, to inhibit oxidative damage to LDL.* | |
| Inhibiting Expression of Adhesion Molecules* | Adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins responsible for interaction between cells or between cells and extracellular matrix. Quercetin inhibits3 the expression of these adhesion molecules in human aortic endothelial cells to help maintain healthy arteries.* | |
| Endothelium-independent Vasodilation* | Studies4 in rats have shown quercetin’s endothelium-independent vasodilator effects to limit structural vascular alterations or alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells.* | |
| Protecting Against Neuronal Oxidative Damage | Quercetin has been found5 to help maintain a normal inflammatory response in the brain or spinal cord.* | |
| Helping Maintain Normal Blood Pressure* | Randomized controlled trials6 have shown the significant effect of quercetin supplementation (500 mg/ day or more) in helping to maintain normal blood pressure levels.* | |
| Maintaining a Normal Inflammatory Response in Fat Cells* | Adipose tissue (body fat) biology is closely linked to cardiovascular health. Nutritional supplementation with quercetin has been found7 to help maintain a normal inflammatory response in fat cells.* | |
Despite the wealth of possible benefits of quercetin for heart health, its beneficial effects remain limited by its poor natural bioavailability. Quercetin glycoside displays an estimated absorption of 3% -17%8 in healthy individuals receiving 100 mg of quercetin. Quercetin’s poor bioavailability can be attributed to its poor solubility in water, poor permeability, and instability in physiological media like the stomach and intestine.
Because naturally occurring quercetin undergoes extensive metabolism and rapid elimination from the body, another way to enhance quercetin levels is by taking a well-absorbed quercetin nutritional supplement.
The bioavailability of quercetin can be enhanced through nanoformulations that protect quercetin molecules from early degradation, are customized for targeted delivery, and enable controlled release of the molecules. QuerciSorb® — an innovative supplement formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research — incorporates a nanomolecular nutrient delivery technology to enhance the absorption of quercetin. The proprietary and pathbreaking CyLoc® – DexKey® delivery system is engineered to ensure quercetin’s maximum absorption and rapid delivery throughout the intestinal tract. The CyLoc® technology encases each quercetin molecule to protect its integrity while it transits through the gut. The DexKey® technology releases each molecule at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption. The unprecedented absorption unlocks the cardioprotective benefits of quercetin to support optimal heart function.*
To learn more about the benefits of quercetin for heart health and how you can incorporate a quercetin nutritional supplement into your diet, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations:
1Crespy V, et al. The American Journal of Physiology vol. 277,1 (1999): G120-6. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.G120
2Bhaskar, Shobha, et al. Immunobiology vol. 216,3 (2011): 367-73. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2010.07.011
3Li C, et al. Redox Biology vol. 9 (2016): 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.006
4Pérez-Vizcaíno, Francisco et al. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics vol. 302,1 (2002): 66-72. doi:10.1124/jpet.302.1.66
5Khan, Amjad, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology vol. 9 1383. 11 Dec. 2018, doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01383
6Serban, Maria-Corina et al. Journal of the American Heart Association vol. 5,7 e002713. 12 Jul. 2016, doi:10.1161/JAHA.115.002713
7Forney, Laura A, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 19,3 895. 17 Mar. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijms19030895
8 Li Y, et al. Nutrients vol. 8,3 167. 15 Mar. 2016, doi:10.3390/nu8030167
Article Summary:
Glutathione (GSH) is a low molecular weight tripeptide consisting of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. Its role as an antioxidant in eliminating free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress is well-known and is of significant interest.* Glutathione is the most abundant antioxidant synthesized by cells and its therapeutic benefits support a wide range of health functions.* However, factors like aging, poor diet, and different pathological conditions can adversely impact the ability of cells to synthesize glutathione, resulting in the increased production of free radicals because there are insufficient antioxidants to eliminate them.
Glutathione nutritional supplements are often recommended to enhance depleted glutathione levels in the body. However, because our bodies do not adequately absorb glutathione, it raises the question: “Do glutathione supplements work?”
Below, we suggest that although glutathione is typically poorly absorbed in the body, you should look for advanced nutritional supplement formulations engineered for enhanced glutathione absorption.
Taking a nutritional supplement is the easiest and most common method for enhancing glutathione levels. The small intestine, particularly the upper jejunum, is where glutathione is primarily absorbed when taken in an oral form. Let’s look at the factors that inhibit glutathione absorption in the body, which limits the efficacy of many glutathione supplements.
Glutathione is a water-soluble antioxidant, and its reduced form, GSH, is further degraded by the intestinal enzyme, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Researchers believe that although GGT is responsible for recycling GSH precursors, it might prevent the significant intact absorption of glutathione from oral supplementation.
Glutathione’s antioxidant mechanism of action is to bind to heavy metals and toxins to pull them out of the body.* Circulating glutathione makes these toxins water-soluble for kidney excretion. Clinical studies1 have established that more than 80% of glutathione is excreted during a single pass through the kidneys.
As glutathione is rapidly hydrolyzed by GGT, a low serum level of glutathione can result. As such, the recommended amount of oral glutathione intake is 500-1,000 mg/day. However, research indicates the oral intake of glutathione in even larger amounts may stillnot sufficiently enhance glutathione serum levels to be of therapeutic benefit.
In a study2 on the systemic availability of glutathione, it was observed that even after an oral intake of 3 grams of glutathione, it was not possible to boost the level of serum glutathione high enough to be clinically beneficial. Furthermore, the therapeutic level of glutathione in the blood is difficult to determine because glutathione exists in serum and in red (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leucocytes).
Although there are significant challenges to glutathione absorption in the body, it is presumed that when plasma glutathione concentration is low, enhancing the availability of circulating glutathione through oral supplements is of therapeutic value. Various strategies, including nanotechnology, have been developed to enhance the absorption and targeted delivery of glutathione molecules.
SafeCell® is an acetylated form of oral glutathione developed by Tesseract Medical Research for enhanced absorption and bioavailability in the body. This hypoallergenic formulation utilizes the proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nanomolecular nutrient delivery technology to ensure the targeted delivery of billions of glutathione molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract, one at a time. The CyLoc® technology isolates and encases each active ingredient molecule in its own dextrin fiber delivery cage to protect its integrity while it travels through the stomach. The DexKey® technology then releases the glutathione molecules at the targeted site, allowing for maximum absorption and effectiveness.
Tesseract’s revolutionary technology makes it possible to enhance the absorption of safe and effective nutrients like glutathione, traditionally difficult to absorb in oral form. The result is a glutathione nutritional supplement that takes the nutrient’s efficacy to new levels for modulating oxidative stress, supporting natural detoxification pathways, and promoting the optimal functioning of other antioxidants and cellular and neurological functions.*
Do glutathione supplements work? To learn more about an advanced glutathione supplement that enhances the absorption and bioavailability of this ‘master antioxidant,’ contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations:
1 Schorbach, Lena et al. Nephron. Physiology vol. 124,1-2 (2013): 1-5. doi:10.1159/000356419
2 Witschi, A, et al. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology vol. 43,6 (1992): 667-9. doi:10.1007/BF02284971
Article Summary:
When it comes to cannabinoids, there seems to be a lot of confusion about the right amount needed to benefit from their immense therapeutic potential. Cannabinoids are a class of naturally occurring compounds primarily found in the cannabis plant (phytocannabinoids) and humans and in a wide range of animals as endocannabinoids . Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), found in the Cannabis sativa plant, are among the most-studied phytocannabinoids, yet anandamide was the first endogenous cannabinoid — or endocannabinoid — to be discovered.
Below, we discuss the correlation between anandamide and CBD, their similarities and differences, and how you can enhance anandamide levels in your body with the help of a nutritional supplement.
Our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of endocannabinoids, receptors, and enzymes that regulate various biological systems and maintain a state of internal equilibrium called homeostasis. Let’s look at the working mechanisms of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids to better understand their similarities and differences.
As an endocannabinoid, anandamide primarily binds to and activates CB1 cannabinoid receptors present in the brain and other organs and tissues.* Acting as a neurotransmitter, anandamide sends chemical messages between nerve cells (neurons) throughout the nervous system.*
The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme drives the uptake of anandamide, synthesizes it, and breaks it down into ethanolamine and arachidonic acid. Inhibiting FAAH or fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) has been found to reduce the rate of anandamide breakdown and raise anandamide levels for signaling at the receptor.
Interestingly, phytocannabinoids like THC can also activate cannabinoid receptors. The chemical structure of THC has been found1 to be similar to anandamide, which allows THC to mimic anandamide functions and interact directly with the same CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
Cannabidiol, or CBD, however, works differently compared to THC. Although CBD has a low affinity for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, it influences their functions indirectly. Biochemical studies2 indicate the potential role of cannabidiol to indirectly enhance endogenous anandamide signaling. CBD modulates the body’s production of FAAH, which inhibits anandamide degradation, and in turn, activates cannabinoid receptors.
The table below summarizes the similarities 
and differences 
between anandamide and CBD, highlighting their correlation.
| Anandamide and CBD Correlation | |||
| Anandamide | CBD | ||
| Origins | |
Both are classified as cannabinoids. | |
|
Anandamide is an endogenous cannabinoid (produced in the body).CBD is a plant-derived cannabinoid. | ||
| Interactions With CB Receptors | |
Both modulate the activities of CB receptors — directly or indirectly. | |
|
Anandamide primarily binds to and activates the CB1 receptors while CBD displays a low affinity to CB1 receptors. | ||
| Effects | |
Both exert positive effects on mental well-being and overall health. | |
|
CBD has been found to enhance anandamide signaling by inhibiting production of FAAH enzymes. | ||
Unlike THC, which causes psychoactive or mind-altering effects, CBD is the3 non-psychoactive isomer of THC. However, the debate over CBD’s use for health benefits continues, as proposed FDA regulations restrict the approval of CBD products as nutritional supplements or food additives. A suitable alternative is using anandamide supplements to support brain health and overall well-being.*
Your body might not produce sufficient anandamide or might have difficulty maintaining anandamide homeostasis. Anandamide levels can decrease for many reasons, including excessive FAAH activity. Supporting endogenous anandamide production with the help of an anandamide supplement can beneficially impact the body’s response to stress and mild anxiety.*
AnaQuellTM — a proprietary formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research, contains anandamide and L-citrulline to support a healthy response to mood changes, trauma, mild anxiety (not Generalized Anxiety Disorder), and stress.* While anandamide exerts positive effects on your mental well-being, L-citrulline helps improve blood flow and nutrient delivery to the brain.* Tesseract’s revolutionary nano-molecular CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology solubilizes anandamide molecules for their delivery through the gut wall for unprecedented absorption of this hypoallergenic formulation. The sustained release of the supplement formulation supports the body’s natural response to stress and mild anxiety for a prolonged duration.*
To learn more about anandamide and CBD and how you can benefit from their therapeutic potential for mental well-being, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations:
1NIDA. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 13 Apr. 2021, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects Accessed 20 Apr. 2023.
2 Bisogno T, et al. British Journal of Pharmacology. vol. 134,4 (2001): 845-52. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704327
3Singh, Chander, et al. Current drug safety. 10.2174/1574886317666220902100511. 2 Sep. 2022, doi:10.2174/1574886317666220902100511
Article Summary:
A recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlights the association of low fruit and vegetable consumption with a higher risk of kidney failure in U.S. adults. Plant-rich diets contain flavonoids — a class of compounds that extend antioxidant effects to support optimal kidney functioning. Quercetin belongs to flavonol, one of the five subclasses of flavonoid compounds, and is known for its versatility in supporting various health functions, including renal health.*
Below, we discuss the therapeutic effects of quercetin on the kidneys and how to support your renal health with the help of an effective quercetin supplement.*
Quercetin is an antioxidant agent that supports the body’s natural response to inflammation.* These two key properties play a critical role in quercetin’s renoprotective effects.* Let’s look at how the body absorbs and metabolizes quercetin to better understand its therapeutic effects on our kidneys.*
Quercetin exists in nature as a glycoside (with linked sugars) or as an aglycone (without linked sugars).1 In our diets, quercetin most frequently appears in the form of quercetin glycoside and its absorption depends on the type of sugar attached to its molecular structure. After quercetin is absorbed, it is metabolized in the liver, small intestine, colon, and kidneys, where various amounts accumulate.
In the kidney, quercetin metabolites from the plasma are filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane. The metabolites are then partially reabsorbed by tubular epithelial cells and the rest are excreted through the urine. It is worth noting that quercetin metabolites eliminated in the urine account for 20-60% of total quercetin intake.
The following table highlights how quercetin helps beneficially regulate kidney function and promotes renal health.*
| Limiting Renal Toxicity | Quercetin interacts with multiple signaling pathways to limit renal toxicity.* Studies2 suggest the protective mechanism of quercetin could be the rebalancing of the antioxidant system and modulating renal biomarkers.* | |
| Alleviating Renal Injury | Unresolved renal injury can trigger cell apoptosis (how the body gets rid of dying cells). The antioxidant effects of quercetin have been found to modulate the kidneys’ oxidative stress responses, thus helping to minimize renal injury.* Clinical studies3 highlight the role of quercetin in up-regulating the signaling pathways of immune cells, particularly macrophages, which also helps to mitigate kidney damage.* | |
| Alleviating Oxidative Stress | As an antioxidant, quercetin scavenges toxins, limiting renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and beneficially regulating inflammatory processes.* An animal study4 found quercetin alleviated oxidative stress by down-regulating the expression of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) related proteins.* | |
| Promoting Autophagy | Studies demonstrate that quercetin helps maintain optimal glucose/ lipid levels by modulating the autophagy process* — the orderly degradation of cells to protect the glomerular and tubular functions of the kidney. | |
| Eliminating Senescent Cells | Quercetin has been found to prevent the accumulation of renal senescent cells (the cells have stopped multiplying but aren’t dead yet) to help maintain normal renal function.* | |
Although quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in a healthy diet, the average person consumes only 10-100 mg of quercetin via food sources. Additionally, the chemical structure of quercetin results in low water solubility, rapid elimination, low absorption rate, and low bioavailability. To increase both quercetin intake and its absorption in the body, nutritional supplements can be a suitable alternative to ingesting quercetin in its food form.
QuerciSorb® is a bioactive, soluble, absorbable quercetin supplement developed by Tesseract Medical Research to support renal health.* The innovative formulation features the proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery system to ensure maximum absorption and to optimize quercetin’s renoprotective benefits.* The revolutionary nanomolecular delivery system enables targeted delivery and release of quercetin molecules throughout the intestinal tract to maximize bioavailability. QuerciSorb® is engineered to help your body absorb and utilize quercetin effectively to promote optimal functioning of the kidneys.*
To learn more about the benefits of quercetin on kidney health and how you can incorporate a quercetin supplement into your diet, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
Citations:
1 Chen YQ, Chen HY, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022 Sep 2;13:968226. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968226. PMID: 36120321; PMCID: PMC9478191.
2Rahdar, Abbas, et al. Life Sciences vol. 276 (2021): 119420. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119420
3Lu Hong, et al. Biochemical Pharmacology vol. 154 (2018): 203-212. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.007
4Ding Tao, et al. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology vol. 41 (2018): 45-53. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.026
Article Summary:
Glutathione — a tripeptide compound comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine), is produced in the liver and exists in every cell in the body in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (glutathione disulfide, or GSSG) states. Known as the body’s “master antioxidant,” glutathione acts as a free radical scavenger and detoxifying agent; depleted levels indicate oxidative stress — an imbalance between oxidant (harmful) and antioxidant agents in the body.
Glutathione levels can decline as the result of several factors, including age, poor lifestyle and diet, and pathological conditions. Incorporating a healthy diet along with a glutathione nutritional supplement can enhance internal glutathione production.* Below, we discuss the major challenges to absorbing glutathione via oral intake and how Tesseract’s unique supplement formulation ensures optimized glutathione absorption in the body.
Glutathione is present in millimolar concentrations in the cell. The intracellular glutathione concentrations range between 0.5 to 15 mM. However, its relative distribution among cellular compartments remains elusive as oxidized glutathione (GSSH) rapidly recycles back to reduced glutathione (GSH) in key cell organelles.
Glutathione supplementation is well-tolerated with no adverse side effects and can be delivered in several ways, including intravenous, intramuscular, nebulized, intranasal, and oral modes, although oral glutathione supplementation is commonly preferred. However, clinical evidence demonstrating a rise in blood or intracellular glutathione levels from ingesting an oral supplement is limited. Using S-Actetyl-Glutathione as an oral supplement makes it easier to quantify intracellular glutathione.
Let’s take a closer look at the limiting factors in the body’s absorption of an oral glutathione supplement, including its rapid metabolism and excretion.
These challenges to oral glutathione absorption are best addressed with a supplement formulation that enhances the absorption and subsequent bioavailability of glutathione molecules.
SafeCell®, a proprietary formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research, contains S-Actetyl-Glutathione which makes it easier to quantify intracellular glutathione. This Tesseract supplement formulation utilizes the revolutionary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology to achieve targeted delivery and enhanced absorption of acetyl glutathione molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. The CyLoc® technology encases each glutathione molecule in a dextrin fiber delivery cage to maintain the integrity of the molecules until they reach the desired point of delivery in the body. The DexKey® technology accompanies each encased CyLoc® molecule and breaks the dextrin fiber cage at the desired release points.
With the unprecedented absorption of acetylated glutathione, SafeCell® promotes the optimal function of other antioxidants, modulates oxidative stress, and supports the body’s natural detoxification pathways, resulting in optimal cellular and neurological functions.*
Tesseract Medical Research is a pioneer in developing supplement formulations with enhanced palatability and optimized absorption to accomplish ‘micro-dosing’ — creating powerful and rapid physiological responses with lower amounts of active ingredients. Contact us to learn more about how to maximize glutathione absorption in the body with our breakthrough ‘master antioxidant’ supplement.
Works Cited:
1 Hagen TM, Wierzbicka GT, Bowman BB, et al. Am J Physiol. 1990 Oct;259(4 Pt 1):G530-5. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.
2 Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43(6):667-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02284971.
Article Summary:
If you’ve ever smelled rancid butter or parmesan cheese, or worse, vomit, then you know the distinctively unpleasant smell of butyric acid. Naturally found in milk, butter, and parmesan cheese, and as an anaerobic fermentation product in the human gut, butyric acid stinks. Its name derives from the Latin word for butter, butyrum, because it was first extracted from rancid butter. Although butyric acid smells terrible, it plays a critical and beneficial role in maintaining gut health and is widely used as a dietary supplement.*
Below, we discuss the reason behind the reek of butyric acid, how its smell can make a nutritional supplement unpalatable, and how an advanced nutrient delivery system can mask its unpleasant odor and make a supplement form of butyric acid tolerable.
Let’s take a closer look at butyric acid’s offensive aroma. Chemically, butyric acid is a carboxylic acid. Triglycerides consist of three fatty acid chains linked by a molecule called glycerol.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) like butyric acid are attached to this glycerol backbone. During agitation, as with churning butter, an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase releases the SCFA. In this bonded molecular form, the components are relatively bland, but once they start breaking down, they begin releasing more butyric acid with its unmistakable and unpleasant scent. In our large intestine, butyric acid is a by-product of the anaerobic fermentation of undigested dietary fibers.
The off-putting smell makes it difficult for individuals to include butyric acid in their diets as a supplement to support gut health.*
The pungent odor and acrid taste of butyric acid make it unpalatable as an oral nutritional supplement. Although clinical studies1 show good tolerance of oral butyric acid, even in significantly high amounts, its smell and taste pose key challenges to individual willingness to take it. Its clinical use is further limited by butyric acid’s quick absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract, which prevents it from reaching the colon before exhibiting its demonstrably positive effects.*
ProButyrate® — a Tesseract Medical Research formula that helps stabilize the gut microbiome,* utilizes the unique CyLoc® – DexKey® delivery technology for optimal absorption of butyric acid molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. The revolutionary CyLoc® technology isolates and locks individual butyric acid molecules in their own dextrin fiber carrier to enhance palatability and protect the molecules’ integrity while they travel through the stomach. The DexKey® technology accompanies each CyLoc® molecule and breaks the dextrin fiber cage at the desired release point within the intestinal tract to ensure maximum absorption of butyric acid molecules — one palatable molecule at a time. The palatability and optimized absorption of butyric acid greatly increase compliance with a chosen supplement regimen and help you take control of your gut health.*
Tesseract Medical Research is a pioneer in developing nutritional supplements to support various health functions. Contact us to learn more about supporting your gut functions and overcoming the unpleasant butyric acid smell with an advanced butyric acid formulation.
Works Cited:
1Banasiewicz T, Domagalska D, Borycka-Kiciak K, Rydzewska G. Prz Gastroenterol. 2020;15(2):119-125. doi: 10.5114/pg.2020.95556. Epub 2020 Jun 8. PMID: 32550943; PMCID: PMC7294979.
Article Summary:
As the primary endogenous antioxidant naturally produced in our cells, glutathione is critical for detoxification, nutritional regulation, and protection against cellular damage.* Comprised of three amino acids — cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine — glutathione acts as a free radical scavenger, eliminating harmful oxidized molecules known to cause a wide range of adverse pathological conditions.* A depleted glutathione level in the body can result from factors like aging, poor diet, or lifestyle changes, and needs to be replenished with the help of a glutathione nutritional supplement.
Below, we discuss various glutathione supplement types and highlight the benefits and limitations of different delivery modes to enable you to determine the best way to enhance the level of glutathione in your body.
As a nutritional supplement, glutathione is well-tolerated, with no adverse side effects, and it can be delivered through supplementation, including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, and nebulized forms.
Although the oral route is probably the most popular delivery method of glutathione supplementation, it has not historically been considered the most effective way to enhance the level of glutathione in the body. This is because the metabolism of glutathione by the intestinal enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase results in poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
| Advantages | Limitations |
| Easy delivery | Rapid absorption in the intestine (upper jejunum). |
| Cost-effective | Low bioavailability makes it difficult to raise blood or intracellular glutathione levels sufficient to achieve clinical benefits. |
In response to oral glutathione’s above limitations, alternative delivery methods like intravenous and intramuscular injections have been explored. Although IV or IM glutathione is considered safe, concern focuses on the short half-life of glutathione in the bloodstream, which limits the duration of efficacy. Delivering an IV or IM glutathione supplement typically requires injecting it directly into the upper arm, upper thigh, or buttocks to carry the formulation into the bloodstream. The natural limitations here are exceptionally high costs and required visits to a medical office for injections.
| Advantages | Limitations |
| The IV bypasses the absorption of glutathione in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby allowing it to directly enter the bloodstream.. | Medical supervision is required for IV drips Expensive |
| Some clinical studies suggest injected glutathione is more effective than oral supplements under a narrow set of conditions. | Might be incompatible with certain health conditions. |
When targeting tissues in the brain or upper respiratory tract, the intranasal route is considered advantageous over other deliveries because the rich vasculature of the nasal mucosa enhances the systemic absorption of glutathione. In plainer words, the nose contains multiple blood vessels close to the surface, which makes absorption in the bloodstream easier.
| Advantages | Limitations |
| Non-invasive, easy-to-use ; Might bypass the blood-brain barrier, slowing glutathione degradation. | Nasal congestion can interfere with delivery. |
Nebulizing glutathione — or its precursor, N-acetylcysteine — in a water or saline solution is an innovative approach as a supplementary therapy for certain respiratory conditions. Clinical trials of nebulized glutathione have established its bioavailability and safety up to 600 mg twice daily1. However, determining the advantages and efficacy of nebulized glutathione over other delivery routes will require further clinical evidence.
Of all glutathione supplement types, most individuals prefer oral glutathione capsules or tablets because it’s a very familiar delivery form and also offers savings and convenience over injections and other alternatives. As far as the efficacy of oral glutathione is concerned, advanced formulations can enhance the absorption and bioavailability in the body of this master antioxidant molecule.
Advanced oral glutathione supplementations like SafeCell,® developed by Tesseract Medical Research, are designed to take detoxification to a new level. As an acetylated form of glutathione, SafeCell® ensures the optimal absorption and efficacy of glutathione molecules with a proprietary nutrient delivery system.
The CyLoc® – DexKey® delivery technology is a revolutionary approach that deploys individual glutathione molecules directly in the intestinal tract. The CyLoc® matrix protects the glutathione molecules from early degradation, while DexKey® reactors, accompanying each CyLoc® molecule, release the molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption. Tesseract’s breakthrough supplement formulation supports natural detoxification pathways and modulates oxidative stress to promote optimal cellular and neurological functions.*
To learn more about glutathione supplement types and how you can incorporate them into your diet, contact us or visit Tesseract Medical Research.
