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Article Summary:
Lipoic acid, also known as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), is a naturally occurring antioxidant synthesized in the human body. It exists in two chemical forms: R-lipoic acid and S-lipoic acid. Of these, R-lipoic acid is the biologically active form, endogenously produced in the body, and present naturally in many foods. In both animal and plant cells, R-lipoic acid serves as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes, highlighting its role in cellular energy production.* The extensive biological activities of R-lipoic acid translate to numerous benefits for overall health and wellness.*
Below, we discuss R-lipoic acid’s many benefits and why you should consider an R-lipoic acid supplement in your routine to realize its beneficial potential.
The antioxidant properties of R-lipoic acid and its ability to help maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response help mitigate several adverse health conditions characterized by oxidative stress.* The following table highlights the benefits of R-lipoic acid and how it supports various health functions.*
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Benefits of R-Lipoic Acid |
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a. Antioxidant support
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b. Immune support
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c. Endocrine health support
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d. Cardiovascular health support
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e. Neurological health support
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The chemical structure of naturally occurring R-lipoic acid in food sources is bound to the amino acid, lysine, within proteins. In contrast, lipoic acid in supplement formulations is not bound to protein, allowing for significantly higher concentrations of this compound compared to dietary sources.
The safety profile of lipoic acid is well-established, with daily doses ranging from 200 mg to 2,400 mg generally being well-tolerated and free from adverse side effects. However, due to limited data available on the prolonged usage and potential contraindications of lipoic acid with prescription medications, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before including a lipoic acid supplement in your routine.
Tesseract Medical Research’s RLA Pro SR® is an R-lipoic acid formulation developed for optimal bioavailability and absorption. The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables unprecedented absorption of R-lipoic acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract to achieve a rapid and powerful physiological response. With micro-dosing in single capsules, RLA Pro SR® helps you realize the benefits of R-lipoic acid to support your overall health and wellness.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your endocrine health.*
Citations:
1Liu W, et al. The immunomodulatory effect of alpha-lipoic acid . . . . BioMed Research International vol. 2019 8086257. 20 Mar. 2019, doi:10.1155/2019/8086257
2Capece U, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid and glucose metabolism: A comprehensive update on biochemical and therapeutic features. Nutrients vol. 15,1 18. 21 Dec. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu15010018
3Khoder NM, et al. Metformin and alpha lipoic acid ameliorate hypothyroidism and its complications in adult male rats. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders vol. 21,2 1327-1337. 8 Jun. 2022, doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01063-7
4Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, et al. Role of alpha-lipoic acid in vascular function: A systematic review of human intervention studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition vol. 62,11 (2022): 2928-2941. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1861425
The immune system is designed to provide rapid, specific, and protective responses against foreign pathogens while also eliminating toxic or allergenic compounds that may enter through mucosal surfaces. When immune function is compromised, the body’s defense mechanisms weaken, increasing susceptibility to various health conditions.
Supporting immune function is essential for maintaining overall health. Regular intake of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants through a balanced diet has been found to promote optimal immune function. However, dietary gaps can occur, and targeted immune health supplements can help fill these nutritional deficiencies.
What are the most effective supplements and top nutrients for immune system support, and how do they work? In this article, we address these questions–exploring the science behind immune health supplements and their role in supporting overall wellness. Use the links below to jump ahead to different topics on the page.
Immune responses are orchestrated by various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, among others. These responses are regulated through complex signaling pathways and transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Although weakened immune responses can increase susceptibility to infections, an overactive immune response may lead to damage of the body’s own tissues, contributing to autoimmunity or an unhealthy inflammatory response.
Immune health supplements come into play as they can strengthen the body’s defense mechanisms against invading pathogens, toxins, and allergens.* These supplements are also instrumental in helping to maintain the body’s normal inflammatory responses and suppressing the overactivation of immune cells by modulating critical cell signaling pathways.*
Vitamins and minerals–including vitamins A, C, D, and E, and selenium and zinc–are common immune health supplements that promote optimal immune function.* Clinical deficiencies of these micronutrients have been associated with weakened immune function.* The following table highlights how these supplements work to promote immune health.*
Common Immune Health Supplements |
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin E
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Selenium
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Zinc
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Botanicals are plants or plant-derived compounds recognized for their beneficial effects on health and wellness. Many botanicals contain active ingredients that exhibit antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that promote optimal immune function.* Some common botanicals that benefit immune function include elderberry, garlic, ginseng, green tea, turmeric, barberry, onion, and others. Interestingly, some of these botanicals may already be a part of your diet, contributing to supporting immune function naturally.
The following sections discuss the immune function benefits of the plant-derived compounds curcumin, quercetin, and berberine.*
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the roots and rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has been shown to target multiple signaling molecules to exert numerous health benefits.* Curcumin is mainly known for exerting antioxidant effects and helping to maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.* The following table summarizes how curcumin benefits immune health.*
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Curcumin’s Beneficial Effects on Immune Health* |
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| Interacting with various immune cells: Curcumin helps to up-regulate various immune cells, including the macrophages, dendritic cells, B, T, and natural killer cells, to strengthen the body’s defense capacity.* | ||
| Altering circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines: The intake of curcumin supplements has been found1 to downregulate the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).* | ||
| Modulating metabolic pathways: Curcumin inhibits cytokine production and cell proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB target genes involved in inducing immune responses.* | ||
Quercetin is the most abundant dietary flavonoid in several fruits, green leafy vegetables, and tea. The compound is an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals to protect cellular components from oxidative stress. The antioxidant properties of quercetin help balance various cell signaling pathways to exert therapeutic effects on immune health.
The following table highlights how quercetin influences immune functions.
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Quercetin’s Benefits for Immune Health* |
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| Inhibiting histamine release: Quercetin helps stabilize mast cells that release histamine, a signaling chemical involved in local immune response communication.* | |
| Inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production: Quercetin downregulates2 the NF-κβ1 and Iκβ cell signaling pathways, which inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines.* | |
| Inhibiting the production of leukotrienes: Quercetin downregulates the production of leukotrienes, the mediators produced in white blood cells that cause adverse immune responses, such as the tightening of airway muscles.* | |
| Enhancing Th1/Th2 balance: Quercetin enhances the balance between T-helper (Th) cell types—Th1 and Th2—critical to beneficial adaptive immune responses.* | |
| Down-regulation of antigen-specific IgE antibody formation: Quercetin inhibits the formation of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that trigger antigen-specific allergic reactions.* |
Berberine is one of the primary active ingredients extracted from the roots, rhizomes, and stems of European barberry, goldenseal, Oregon grape, and tree turmeric. It has been traditionally used across cultures for its antioxidative and immunosupportive effects on various health functions.* The following table summarizes how berberine supports immune health.*
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How Berberine Supports Immune Health* |
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| Suppressing pro-inflammatory responses of Th cells: Berberine helps3 suppress functions and differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, which helps limit cell-mediated inflammatory responses.* | ||
| Modulating immune function: Berberine upregulates the functioning of beneficial immune cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells, which helps to down-regulate adverse immune responses and lower risks of autoimmunity — the condition when the immune system mounts an attack against its own cells.* | ||
| Influencing cell signaling pathways: Berberine beneficially interacts with immune cell signaling pathways to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.* | ||
Although the beneficial health effects of curcumin, quercetin, and berberine are well-established, their poor bioavailability and absorption can hinder their efficacy. The pharmacological properties of these compounds contribute to their limited bioavailability in the body. The distinct bitter taste of unformulated curcumin and berberine further complicates oral ingestion, potentially challenging patient compliance.
Various approaches have been used to enhance the palatability, solubility, and absorption of these nutrients. Different formulation techniques, such as co-administration with adjuvants, incorporation into micelles, nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, liposomes, and solid dispersions, have been implemented to improve their efficacy. Encapsulation techniques are often preferred to protect the integrity of the nutrient molecules and enhance their functional properties, such as stability, solubility, and controlled release.
Among encapsulation techniques, nano-delivery systems are considered the most effective in encapsulating the active ingredient and gradually releasing it at the target site.
The immune health supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research contain potent botanical extracts formulated for optimal bioavailability and absorption. The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables the maximum solubility of trusted nutrients that have previously been difficult to absorb. The CyLoc® technology encases active nutrient molecules in its dextrin fiber delivery cage. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the active ingredient molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for optimal absorption and efficacy.
The revolutionary smart nutrient delivery system protects the integrity of the active nutrients as they transit through the stomach. The nanoencapsulation also masks the unpleasant taste and odor of these nutrients to make them palatable and achieve user compliance. The following table highlights the best supplements for immune health developed by Tesseract Medical Research.
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Best Supplements for Immune Health |
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| TetraCumin®: This turmeric supplement formulation contains Tetrahydrocurcumin — a more stable and bioavailable form of curcumin that helps maintain healthy inflammatory responses.* The enhanced bioavailability and absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin enhance its efficacy in promoting healthy immune function.* | |
| QuerciSorb® Immunophore SR: A single supplement capsule contains four immune-supportive nutrients — quercetin, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin D.* Quercetin binds with zinc to exert its beneficial effects on immune function.* The formulation delivers the active nutrients through the gut wall in a sustained-release format to promote healthy immune function.* | |
| BerberActiv®: This hypoallergenic berberine supplement is available in quick-release and sustained-release formulations. It contains a proprietary berberine complex that helps down-regulate adverse immune reactions and helps maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.* |
With Tesseract’s best supplements for immune health, you can support your healthy immune function with proven nutrients and take them in micro-doses to achieve the desired health and wellness outcomes.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products our website for more information about how Tesseract’s products can support immune health.*
Citations:
1Gao X, Kuo J, Jiang H, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin: suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine production in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2004 Jul 1;68(1):51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.03.015. PMID: 15183117.
2Yao L, et al. Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients vol. 8,3 167. 15 Mar. 2016, doi:10.3390/nu8030167
3Seyed-Morteza E, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory impacts of berberine on activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune inflammation. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine vol. 24,23 (2020): 13573-13588. doi:10.1111/jcmm.16049
Antioxidants play a vital role in protecting your body from oxidative stress, a key contributor to aging and chronic health concerns. While starting your day with a nutrient-packed green smoothie or having a colorful salad for lunch are great habits, is it providing your body with all the antioxidants it needs? And when diet alone falls short, what are the best antioxidant supplements to consider?
In this article, we’ll explore the answers to common questions about antioxidant supplements, including how they counter oxidative stress, promote healthy aging, and leverage advanced antioxidant supplement formulations for optimal absorption. Use the links below to jump ahead to different topics on the page.
During normal cellular metabolism, our body produces unstable and reactive molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals are also produced when our body responds to external factors, such as pollution, tobacco smoke, and radiation. An accumulation of free radicals can adversely alter lipids, proteins, DNA, and other cellular components, potentially leading to degenerative conditions.
‘Antioxidants’ is a broad term for any compound that neutralizes free radicals, preventing their harmful effects. The antioxidants produced by our body (endogenous antioxidants) are classified into enzymatic and non-enzymatic types. Vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols are exogenous antioxidants derived from dietary sources or supplements. The following diagram highlights the classification and examples of antioxidants.
Chemically, free radicals contain an unpaired electron in their molecular structures that they can either donate or accept, thus acting as an oxidant or a reducing agent. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive chlorine species, and reactive sulfur species are common free radicals generated both during normal cellular metabolism and in response to external soucees like pollution, UV radiation, and smoking.
Because free radicals lack a full complement of electrons, they can “steal” electrons from other biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. This process, known as oxidative damage, compromises the structure and function of these biomoleculates, potentially leading to cellular dysfunction and disease. Antioxidants give up some of their electrons to neutralize free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reactions that perpetuate oxidative stress at the cellular level.
Oxidative stress arises when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, tipping the scale in favor of free radicales. This imbalance is a critical factor in the development of numerous adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and premature aging.
Notably, antioxidants differ in their capacity to scavenge free radicals, and their activities are significantly correlated with the presence of specific active groups, such as hydroxyl (OH) and amine (NH2) groups. The following table summarizes some common mechanisms through which antioxidants counter free radicals.
How do Antioxidants Counter Free Radicals? |
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| Scavenging free radicals: Primary antioxidants actively inhibit oxidation reactions by scavenging ROS/RNS. | |
| Sequestering transition metal ions: Chelators are a class of secondary antioxidants that bind to transition metal ions and marginalize their reactivity. | |
| Decomposing hydrogen peroxides or hydroperoxides: Some preventative antioxidants reduce hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide to alcohol and water without generating free radicals. | |
| Enhancing endogenous antioxidant defense: Endogenous antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), regenerate vitamin C from its precursor dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). | |
| Repairing cellular damage: Antioxidant activities include activating transcription factors, such as Nrf2, that activate endogenous antioxidant enzymes to repair cellular damage. |
Secondary antioxidants indirectly counter free radicals, including maintaining the body’s natural inflammatory response, inducing protective factors, inhibiting ROS-inducing enzymes (such as xanthine oxidase), and regulating redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways.
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions, increasing vulnerability to chronic diseases and contributing the natural aging process. One of the key drivers of age-associated changes, including physical impairment and cognitive decline, is mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress. When oxidative stress disrupts their function, it accelerates cellular aging and impairs overall health
Research1 highlights that free radical damage to cells is a major factor behind these undesirable changes associated with aging. By enhancing the body’s antioxidant defense systems, it is possible to mitigate free radical damage, protect mitochondrial integrity, and promote healthy aging. Incorporating adequate antioxidant support into a health regimen may help improve quality of life and slow age-related decline.
Research2 has demonstrated that conditions related to oxidative stress can be ameliorated by consuming foods rich in antioxidants. Many natural foods, especially those with at least 0.1% antioxidant content, offer significant properties and may be considered beneficial dietary sources of antioxidants. A well-rounded diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, teas, and even moderate amounts of wine provides an abundant array of antioxidants, including vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols.
The following table highlights some common food sources with high antioxidant properties.
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Food Sources with High Antioxidant Properties |
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| Fruits: Cranberries, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, red currants, cherries, figs, guava, pears, oranges, mango, apricots, watermelons, and papaya contain vitamin C, anthocyanins, lycopene, and carotenoids. | ||
| Dried fruits: Dried fruits with reduced water content have higher antioxidant capacity than fresh fruits. Dried plums, pears, peaches, apples, figs, dates, and raisins are rich in flavonols such as quercetin and phenolic acids. | ||
| Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, carrots, squash, pumpkin, beetroot, radish, kale, tomatoes, asparagus, avocados, sweet potatoes, bell peppers, and collard greens are high in carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene), sulforaphane, and vitamin C. | ||
| Cereals and nuts: Wholegrain cereals contain phenolic compounds, while nuts like walnuts, pecans, and chestnuts are particularly high in polyphenols and vitamin E. | ||
| Spices and herbs: Oregano, cinnamon, turmeric, cumin, ginger, pepper, paprika, cardamom, garlic, thyme, sage, and basil not only add flavor to meals but are also rich in antioxidants like curcumin and allicin. | ||
| Beverages: Green tea, black tea, apple cider, and red wine have high polyphenol content, including catechins and resveratrol. |
When endogenous antioxidant defenses are insufficient to protect the body against ROS, supplementation with exogenous antioxidants may help bridge that gap. As we age, the body’s natural antioxidant defense mechanisms are interrupted by elevated ROS production, leading to oxidative stress and its associated health impacts. Nutritional supplements can help replenish the depleted levels of endogenous antioxidants and counter the adverse effects of ROS on cellular and physiological functions.*
Supplementing with antioxidants has shown potential to delay or ameliorate lifestyle- or age-related health conditions driven by oxidative stress.* The safety and efficacy of antioxidant supplements are well-established with synthetic forms of antioxidants, such as chemically synthesized L-ascorbic acid and RRR-α-Tocopherol, being bioequivalent to their natural forms, vitamins C and E, respectively.
A wide range of factors, including molecular structure, temperature, physiological properties, and the presence of synergistic and pro-oxidant compounds, determines the efficacy of antioxidant compounds. The low molecular weight of certain antioxidants can lose their ability to scavenge free radicals inside cells.
Antioxidant activities are limited by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology processes. The poor absorption of antioxidant supplement formulations is primarily caused by:
Various approaches can enhance the bioavailability and absorption of antioxidants to maximize their effectiveness. There are several ways of encapsulating antioxidants, and selecting the appropriate delivery system is critical to optimize antioxidant absorption and activity.
Among all antioxidant delivery systems, lipid emulsions are commonly preferred owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and relative stability. Emulsions, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions are considered excellent delivery systems for enhancing the bioavailability of antioxidants and minimizing their undesired actions on other cells and tissues.
Antioxidant supplements formulated with nano-delivery systems are among3 the most effective in encapsulating the active ingredient and gradually releasing it at the target site.
Not all antioxidant supplements are the same, and each one plays a role in supporting various health functions. So, what are the top antioxidant nutrients? The following table highlights some of the common, commercially available, and top antioxidant nutrients that have been observed to limit oxidative stress and boost the body’s antioxidant defense mechanism.*
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Top Antioxidant Nutrients |
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| Glutathione: Glutathione, also called master antioxidant, acts as a detoxifying agent and antioxidant to protect against damage caused by free radicals, and supports nervous, gastrointestinal, immune, and endocrine systems.* | |
| Coenzyme Q10: As a fat-soluble antioxidant, CoQ10 limits the toxic effects of free radicals on cardiac cells and promotes cardiovascular health.* | |
| Lipoic acid: This naturally occurring antioxidant provides many therapeutic benefits for immune, endocrine, cardiovascular, reproductive, and neurological health.* | |
| Quercetin: The antioxidant properties of quercetin and its role in maintaining the body’s natural inflammatory response promote heart and kidney health, as well as normal immune function for seasonal changes.* | |
| Thymoquinone: This lipophilic molecule displays antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that promote gastrointestinal and neurological health.* | |
| Curcumin: This yellow-colored pigment is known for its beneficial antioxidant effects on musculoskeletal and immune health.* Curcumin also promotes healthy heart, gastrointestinal, and hepatic functions.* | |
| Berberine: Berberine plays a role in glucose maintenance, liver detoxification, weight management, hormonal management, and gut microbiome support to promote endocrine and cardiometabolic health.* |
What defines an effective antioxidant supplement? The answer lies in the optimal bioavailability and absorption of a supplement formulation’s active ingredients.
The antioxidant supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research are formulated for optimal absorption and efficacy. Tesseract formulations contain potent botanical extracts with proven antioxidant effects to promote your health and wellness.* Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology encases individual antioxidant molecules in its smart delivery system, protecting them from early degradation during transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the antioxidant molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximized absorption.
With unprecedented absorption capabilities, antioxidant supplements can be taken in smaller amounts to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes. Enhanced bioavailability, maximum absorption, and micro-dosing of active nutrients set Tesseract formulations apart as highly effective antioxidant supplements.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Visit our website for more information about how Tesseract’s supplements can support . Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your health*
Citations:
1Lobo V, et al. “Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health.” Pharmacognosy Reviews 4,8 (2010):118-126. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.70902
2Pisoschi AM, et al. Antioxidant capacity determination in plants and plant-derived products: A review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016):9130976. doi:10.1155/2016/9130976
3Vaiserman A, et al. Nanodelivery of natural antioxidants: An anti-aging perspective. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 7;447. 10 Jan. 2020, doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447
Article Summary:
Curcumin is widely recognized for its powerful antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, the low stability and poor systemic bioavailability of curcumin significantly hinders its absorption and effectiveness, posing a challenge for most curcumin nutritional supplements.
The body breaks down curcumin in the liver before it achieves its active byproduct metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), through a process called hydrogenation. As the primary metabolite of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin shares many of curcumin’s physiological and pharmacological benefits but stands out as the most potent antioxidant among naturally occurring curcuminoids. With greater stability and bioavailability than curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin delivers enhanced benefits under physiological conditions, making it a superior option for supporting antioxidant status, immune health, and overall well-being.
Below, we discuss the benefits of tetrahydrocurcumin, how its benefits differ from curcumin, and why you should include a tetrahydrocurcumin supplement in your diet.
The differences in the molecular structures of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin result in the functional differences of the two compounds. Tetrahydrocurcumin is more soluble in an aqueous medium, while curcumin is more lipid-soluble. These properties allow THC to achieve high concentrations in the bloodstream and tissues, resulting in higher systemic bioavailability and more pronounced biological effects. The following table summarizes tetrahydrocurcumin’s benefits compared to those of curcumin, highlighting THC’s role as an active ingredient in nutritional supplements.
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Tetrahydrocurcumin Benefits Are Superior to Curcumin |
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| a. Tetrahydrocurcumin is a more potent antioxidant agent.* THC is superior to curcumin for upregulating the activity of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and NADPH quinone reductase — key antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Studies1 show that THC lowers the levels of lipid peroxidation markers in the blood, liver, and kidney induced cholesterolemia in animal models. This makes THC a more potent antioxidant than curcumin to quench free radicals.* | |||
| b. Tetrahydrocurcumin exerts enhanced hepatoprotective effects.* In situations of liver injury, THC displays2 better hepatoprotective effects than the parent compound, curcumin.* THC exerts its beneficial effects on the liver by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 anti-oxidation pathway — a principal protective response against oxidative stress.* | |||
| c. Tetrahydrocurcumin exhibits better inhibitory action against inflammatory signaling pathways.* THC has been found3 to be more effective in ameliorating adverse immune responses than curcumin.* It downregulates the IL-4Rα/Jak1/STAT6 pathway—a critical inflammatory signaling pathway–to exhibit better inhibitory action against adverse immune cell responses.* |
The body’s inability to convert curcumin into tetrahydrocurcumin rapidly enough results in curcumin being cleared from the bloodstream before it can deliver its full range of benefits. By introducing tetrahydrocurcumin directly into the body, this metabolic conversion step is bypassed, ensuring more effective results.
Tetrahydrocurcumin is often regarded as a more accessible form of curcumin because of its superior stability and bioavailability, offering enhanced health benefits with greater efficiency. Unlike traditional curcumin supplements, which require higher doses to achieve desired effects, tetrahydrocurcumin supplements provide comparable benefits at much lower quantities. Advanced formulations utilizing nutrient delivery nanotechnology can further enhance the overall solubility and absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin.
TetraCumin® is an innovative supplement formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research that achieves the health benefits of tetrahydrocurcumin. Developed in both quick-release and 12-hour sustained-release forms, the formulation promotes joint and muscle health, normal immune function, and a healthy gastrointestinal environment.*
The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables the optimal absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin molecules. The CyLoc® technology encases individual tetrahydrocurcumin molecules in its smart delivery system to maintain their integrity during the transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release each molecule at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption.
This revolutionary technology accomplishes unprecedented absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin molecules, thereby enabling microdosing of the formulation. With TetraCumin®, you can be assured of optimal absorption of the active nutrient to realize tetrahydrocurcumin’s benefits.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your health*
Citations:
1Slavica J, et al. Positive tetrahydrocurcumin-associated brain-related metabolomic implications. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 28,9:3734. 26 Apr. 2023, doi:10.3390/molecules28093734
2Dan-Dan L, et al. Tetrahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin, the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin, possess superior hepatic-protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Role of CYP2E1 and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 123 (2019):349-362. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.012
3Achyut P, et al. Reductive metabolites of curcumin and their therapeutic effects. Heliyon 6,11 e05469. 12 Nov. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05469
Article Summary:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a class of conditions associated with delayed development, repetitive/ stereotyped behavior, and impaired language communication, thereby affecting social interaction. Although the exact cause of ASD remains unknown, it is believed that several genetic, metabolic, neurologic, and immunologic factors contribute to the neurodevelopmental condition.
In children, food selectivity and unusual eating patterns are often associated with ASD. Food selectivity can lead to inadequate nutrient intake, resulting in nutritional deficiencies that further aggravate the condition. Hence, both dietary supplements and medical foods are considered relatively safe and effective ways to fill nutritional gaps in the diets of children with ASD.
Below, we discuss how both dietary supplements and AuRx®, a medical food developed by Tesseract Medical Research, provides nutritional support to children with ASD.
As stated above, dietary supplements play a supportive role in managing ASD by addressing nutritional deficiencies, promoting gut health, and supporting neurological function. These targeted interventions may complement other therapies to help improve overall quality of life and alleviate specific symptoms in children with ASD.
Research has identified deficiencies in vitamin D1 and omega-3 fatty acids2 among children with ASD. Supplementation with vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, probiotics, digestive enzymes, butyric acid, folinic acid, and sulforaphane may offer promising benefits, with varied success in alleviating ASD-related symptoms.
The following table highlights how these dietary supplements can promote neurological and gastrointestinal health in children with ASD, providing clinical insights into their potential therapeutic roles.
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Key Dietary Ingredients & Supplement Nutrients for Autism Support |
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The efficacy of an autism dietary supplement depends on the bioavailability and absorption of its active nutrients. Before selecting the most suitable supplement for ASD, it is important to consider the active nutrients and delivery system used in the formulation.
AuRx® is a gold-standard medical food for ASD, featuring a stabilized butyric acid complex delivered in a palatable powder that is easily blended with foods like applesauce to ensure patient compliance. This hypoallergenic medical food counteracts the gut-brain nutrient imbalance, which may help alleviate the behavioral changes, language impairment, and irritability common in children with ASD. AuRx’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables targeted delivery of its butyric acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for unprecedented absorption. However, it is important to remember to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating changes to an ASD management plan.
AuRx® is butyric acid supplementation reimagined, making it possible to address a specific nutritional requirement in children with ASD.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your neurological health.*
Citations:
1Siracusano M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder. Current pharmaceutical design vol. 26,21 (2020): 2460-2474. doi:10.2174/1381612826666200415174311
2Posar A, Visconti P. Omega-3 supplementation in autism spectrum disorders: A still open question? Journal of pediatric neurosciences vol. 11,3 (2016): 225-227. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.193363
3Rossignol DA, Frye RE. The effectiveness of cobalamin (B12) treatment for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of personalized medicine vol. 11,8 784. 11 Aug. 2021, doi:10.3390/jpm11080784
4Frye RE, et al. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: the role of the mitochondria and the enteric microbiome. Microbial ecology in health and disease vol. 26 27458. 7 May. 2015, doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.27458
Article Summary:
The gut microbiome is a complex and diverse ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms that play a role in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis and supporting numerous metabolic processes. Clinical studies indicate the close association of the health of our gut with our mood, emotions, sleep, and immune system. An imbalance in the gut’s microbial community can contribute to adverse cardiovascular conditions, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, and dysregulated inflammatory responses.
Supplements designed to support the gut microbiome can help restore microbial balance and positively influence health functions. But what specific ingredients in these supplements exert therapeutic effects on the body? Below, we discuss several common ingredients found in gut health supplements and their role in promoting normal physiological functions.
Gut microbiome supplements are categorized into probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Although food sources, such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and kimchi, can be rich sources of probiotics (good bacteria like Lactobacillus), prebiotics are the fibers and sugars the good bacteria feed on, but the body cannot digest. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), released by healthy bacteria feeding on their prebiotic food sources.
The following table highlights common prebiotic and postbiotic ingredients in gut microbiome supplement formulations.
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Common Ingredients of Gut Microbiome Supplements |
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| Butyric Acid: This SCFA is fuel for colon cells (or colonocytes). Research1 shows that butyrate is absorbed into the portal vein and influences vital metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and immune responses.* | |||
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Ginger: Ginger supplementation has been found2 to benefit the composition of gut microbiota, thereby addressing insulin resistance and limiting the build-up of excess fat in the liver.* |
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Cinnamon: Cinnamon essential oil helps3 maintain normal inflammatory responses in the GI tract and helps improve the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota.* |
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Citronella: Citronella essential oil has been found4 to benefit the gut microbiota–inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Bacillus sp., E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes.* |
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Orange: Bioactive compounds, such as hesperidin and naringin, found primarily in citrus fruit peels enhance the homeostasis of the gut microbiota.* |
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Lavender: Lavender oil3 protects the gut microbiota against gastrointestinal insults.* |
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Bitter orange: Bitter orange contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, that display antioxidant properties that can mitigate gastrointestinal injury caused by free radicals.* |
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Clove: Eugenol, a major compound derived from clove oil, has been found5 to mitigate disruptions to the gut microbiome caused by a high-fat diet (HFD).* |
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Oregano: Studies indicate6 that oregano essential oil exerts a beneficial effect on the gut’s mucosal barrier and enhances the intestinal microbiota of animal models.* Human studies7,8 have indicated that oregano oil can positively influence the gut microbiome by reducing harmful bacteria and supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the gut.* |
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Thyme oil: Prolonged intake of a HFD disturbs the composition of gut microbiota. Thyme essential oil can mitigate HFD-induced metabolic disruptions and enhance the gut environment.* |
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Marjoram oil: Animal studies9 suggest the potential beneficial activity of marjoram extract against harmful bacterial strains in the gut microbiota.* |
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Nigella seeds: Thymoquinone, the primary constituent of black seed oil derived from Nigella sativa, can correct imbalances in the intestinal flora and enhance the diversity of intestinal microbial composition.* |
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Turmeric oil: The curcumin in turmeric oil can downregulate adverse inflammatory reactions in the intestine by modulating several cell signaling pathways and beneficially influencing the diversity of gut microbiota.* |
Although the beneficial effects of the above ingredients are well-established, their limited natural bioavailability can hinder the efficacy of most gut microbiome supplement formulations. Fortunately, advanced nutrient delivery technologies, including nanotechnology, enhances the absorption of these ingredients to make them a therapeutic reality.
The advanced GI support supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research utilize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived ingredients while ensuring their optimal absorption through proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology. The CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery system encases each active nutrient molecule in a dextrin fiber cage to protect its integrity during the transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey reactors enable targeted delivery of the active nutrients at the desired point in the intestinal tract, ensuring unprecedented absorption.
Tesseract’s innovative gut microbiome supplements, powered by the revolutionary CyLoc / DexKey nutrient delivery system, help maintain the diversity of your intestinal microbiota to promote your overall health and wellness.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your gastrointestinal health.*
Citations
1Amiri P, et al. Role of butyrate, a gut microbiota derived metabolite . . . : A comprehensive narrative review. Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 12 837509. 2 Feb. 2022, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.837509
2Wang X, et al. Gut microbiota variation with short-term intake of ginger juice on human health. Frontiers in microbiology vol. 11 576061. 23 Feb. 2021, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.576061
3Li A-L, et al. Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Microbiology and immunology vol. 64,1 (2020): 23-32. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12749
4Lazar V, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by essential oils and inorganic nanoparticles: Impact in nutrition and health. Frontiers in nutrition vol. 9 920413. 8 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.920413
5Li M, et al. Eugenol, a major component of clove oil, attenuates adiposity, and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 66,20 (2022): e2200387. doi:10.1002/mnfr.202200387
6Jia L, et al. Oregano essential oils mediated intestinal microbiota and metabolites and improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function in sheep. Frontiers in immunology vol. 13 908015. 12 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.908015
7Leyva-López N, et al. Essential Oils of Oregano: Biological Activity beyond Their Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules. 2017;22(6):989. Published 2017 Jun 14. doi:10.3390/molecules22060989
8Ghitea TC, et al. The Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. Correlated with the Gastrointestinal Perturbation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules. 2021;26(2):283. doi:10.3390/molecules26020283
9Prihambodo TR, et al. Effects of dietary flavonoids on performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology of broilers: a meta-analysis. Animal bioscience vol. 34,3 (2021): 434-442. doi:10.5713/ajas.20.0379
Article Summary:
Are you considering purchasing nutritional supplements online rather than heading to your local pharmacy or wellness store? With countless nutritional supplement retailers online, it can be a challenge to determine which site is the most reliable. Factors such as brand reputation, product quality, pricing, subscription options, speed of shipping, return policies, and customer service all significantly influence your experience of purchasing supplements from the comfort of your home.
So, how can you ensure a smooth and reliable experience when buying supplements online? Below, we discuss the pros and cons of buying supplements online, highlight important factors to consider when ordering your supplements, and explain why Tesseract Medical Research is a trusted platform for purchasing high-quality nutritional supplements.
Whether looking for a specific supplement formulation or just scrolling through the most popular or trending supplements, purchasing supplements online has particular benefits and drawbacks.
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Benefits and Drawbacks of Buying Supplements Online |
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Benefits:
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Drawbacks:
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The risks of counterfeit products or false health claims about a supplement can make it tricky to purchase supplements online. It is worth noting that nutritional supplements are not quick fixes that provide instantaneous effects. Therefore, you should steer clear of any supplement that claims to cure or treat a health condition.
Whether buying supplements online or getting them over the counter at a brick-and-mortar store, it is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before including a nutritional supplement in your diet.
The following are several tips to follow while buying supplements online:
Considering the above tips, it is safe to assume that the best way to buy supplements online starts with a trustworthy brand name.
Why should you buy your supplements online from Tesseract Medical Research?
With Tesseract’s online store, you can be assured of receiving the best nutritional supplement formulations at your doorstep to promote your health and wellness.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your health.*
Article Summary:
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a critical component in the mitochondria and is necessary for multiple enzymatic functions. Chemically, ALA is present as R- and S-lipoic acid – enantiomers. Although R-lipoic acid is present naturally and is endogenously produced by living organisms, the low quantities of ALA synthesized by the body are insufficient to fulfill the body’s cellular energy requirements. Thus, ALA is mainly obtained from food sources, particularly fruits, vegetables, and meat. Nutritional supplements can also increase the naturally low levels of lipoic acid in the body.
Below, we discuss how R-lipoic acid acts as an antioxidant and exerts beneficial effects on endocrine health and why you should consider including an advanced lipoic acid supplement in your diet.*
ALA plays a vital role in mitochondrial dehydrogenase reactions, which drive cellular energy production.* It also serves as an enzymatic co-factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and contributes to the regulation of gene transcription.* Discovered in the 1950s for its antioxidant properties, ALA, along with its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), is recognized as an excellent antioxidant and free radical scavenger.*
R-lipoic acid, the naturally occurring ALA, has a broad spectrum of action toward boosting the endogenous antioxidant system. One unique characteristic of ALA over other antioxidants is its ability to react as both a lipid-soluble and water-soluble compound. This versatility allows it to protect cellular components across diverse biological systems. The following table summarizes how R-lipoic acid acts as an antioxidant and contributes tooverall health and wellness.*
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How Does R-lipoic Acid Work as An Antioxidant? |
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The therapeutic benefits of ALA are diminished due to its pharmacokinetic profile, which includes poor bioavailability triggered by its degradation in the liver, reduced solubility, and instability in the stomach. Although R-lipoic acid is more bioavailable than its S-enantiomer, its overall poor bioavailability dictates advanced formulations to enhance its absorption.
RLA Pro SR is an innovative R-lipoic acid formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research. This hypoallergenic formulation contains the R-isomer of lipoic acid for optimized therapeutic efficacy.* The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology further enhances the bioavailability and absorption of lipoic acid, making it a therapeutic reality.
The CyLoc® technology encases individual R-lipoic acid molecules in its dextrin fiber matrix to protect them from degrading during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the active nutrient molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption. The unprecedented absorption of R-lipoic acid through the gut wall enables micro-dosing — using lesser amounts of active nutrients than previously required to achieve the desired therapeutic outcome. With this revolutionary nutrient delivery smart system, a single capsule of RLA Pro SR can achieve a powerful and immediate physiological response.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how Tesseract supplements can support your endocrine health.*
Citations:
1Bjørklund G, et al. Insights on alpha lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as promising scavengers of oxidative stress and possible chelators in mercury toxicology. Journal of inorganic biochemistry vol. 195 (2019):111-119. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.019
2Rogers SA. Lipoic acid as a potential first agent for protection from mycotoxins and treatment of mycotoxicosis. Archives of environmental health vol. 58,8 (2003): 528-532. doi:10.3200/AEOH.58.8.528-532
Article Summary:
Healthy lungs are critical to your overall health and wellness. Although your body has a natural defense system designed to protect your lungs, continuous exposure to poor air quality, pathogens, and unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits can compromise lung function. Promoting respiratory health involves creating a cleaner environment (such as allowing for more fresh air circulation), adopting healthier lifestyle choices, and consuming a nutrient-rich, balanced diet. Nutritional supplements designed to promote respiratory health can help address potential nutritional gaps and provide targeted support for maintaining optimal pulmonary function.
Below, we discuss some of the common plant-derived ingredients used in respiratory health supplements and how a proprietary smart delivery system developed by Tesseract Medical Research enhances the absorption of active nutrients.
A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and nutritious beverages is often recommended for respiratory health. Food sources, such as dark leafy vegetables, broccoli, pumpkin, peppers, tomatoes, blueberries, fatty fish, oysters, olive oil, coffee, and green tea, benefit lung function. The therapeutic effects of healthy dietary patterns on respiratory health are largely attributed to the presence of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables.
Studies indicate that antioxidants exert protective effects against free radicals and limit the extent of cellular damage and inflammation caused by oxidative stress on your respiratory system, especially the lungs. Vitamin C and E, carotenoids, plant polyphenols, and flavonoids are several well-known antioxidants that promote healthy lung function.* Additionally, minerals with antioxidant activity, including selenium, copper, manganese, and zinc, are critical co-factors in supporting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases.* Non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as glutathione and coenzyme Q10, can also improve the functional performance of your respiratory system.
The following table highlights some common plant-derived active ingredients in respiratory health supplement formulations.
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Ingredients to Look for in Supplements that Support Lung Health |
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Ingredient |
Health Benefits |
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Eucalyptus |
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Peppermint |
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Fenugreek |
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Licorice |
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Turpentine tree extract |
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Pine bark extract |
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Guaiac wood oil extract |
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Several of these plant-derived active ingredients have poor natural bioavailability and absorption, which can adversely influence their efficacy in a supplement formulation. Advanced nutrient delivery technology can optimize the solubility of these active nutrients, making them a therapeutic reality.
MuSolve SR®, developed by Tesseract Medical Research, is a mucus-resolving nutritional supplement that contains a blend of isolate extracts of terpenes and oils from eucalyptus, pine bark, peppermint, fenugreek, turpentine tree, and guaiac wood.* The botanical isolates downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in imbalanced immune responses.* The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables optimal absorption of the active nutrients at the desired point in the intestinal tract. The unprecedented absorption of the nutrient molecules provides nutritional support to individuals experiencing adverse respiratory conditions.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop antioxidant products on our website and learn more about how they can help support your respiratory health.*
Citations:
1Emtiazy M, et al. Investigating the effectiveness of the Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds . . . : a randomized controlled trial. Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology: official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology vol. 14 19. 2 May. 2018, doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0238-9
Article Summary:
Aging is a complex process associated with a progressive decline in cellular and physiological function, accumulation of damaged cells, and an increased risk of adverse chronic health conditions. One of the primary drivers of aging-related changes is the accumulation of cellular damage inflicted by free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). These highly reactive molecules are byproducts of normal metabolic processes but can cause significant harm when their production exceeds the body’s antioxidant defenses. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and adverse inflammatory responses–key mechanisms underlying aging and age-related disorders.
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, offers potential benefits for addressing oxidative stress.. As a lipophilic molecule with potent antioxidant properties, quercetin helps neutralize free radicals and maintain the body’s natural inflammatory responses.* Although the body cannot synthesize quercetin, dietary intake or supplementation of this flavonoid can play a critical role in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting cellular resilience, thereby supporting healthy aging.*
Below, we discuss quercetin’s benefits that help slow the progressive decline of essential health functions and support healthy aging.*
Quercetin is a bioactive compound commonly present in most diets. Found in different fruits and vegetables, such as apples, red grapes, citrus fruits, cherries, berries, onions, asparagus, and red-leaf lettuce, quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids. Its diverse biological activities make quercetin a valuable nutrient for promoting healthy aging and supporting overall cellular health by functioning as an:
The following table highlights the mechanisms through which quercetin exerts its benefits on aging.
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How does Quercetin Support Healthy Aging? |
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Although quercetin’s benefits and safety profile are well established, the poor natural bioavailability of quercetin in the gastrointestinal tract hinders its efficacy. Various pharmacological approaches, including nanotechnology, are aimed at enhancing quercetin’s solubility and subsequent absorption.
Tesseract’s QuerciSorb® is an innovative quercetin formulation developed for optimal bioavailability and absorption. The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology protects the integrity of quercetin molecules during their transit through the stomach and ensures targeted delivery. The CyLoc® technology encases individual quercetin molecules in its smart delivery system. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release each molecule at the desired point in the intestinal tract to achieve maximum absorption.
With optimal solubility and absorption of quercetin, Quercisorb® can achieve quercetin’s multiple benefits for healthy aging.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop antioxidant products on our website and learn more about how they can support your cardiovascular health.*
Citations:
1,2Cui Z, et al. Therapeutic application of quercetin in aging. . . : SIRT1 as a potential mechanism. Frontiers in immunology vol. 13 943321. 22 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.943321
3Deepika and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Health benefits of quercetin . . . . Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 27,8 2498. 13 Apr. 2022, doi:10.3390/molecules27082498
