Article Summary:

• Berberine exerts positive health effects on gut health by beneficially influencing the gut microbiota.
• The antioxidant and immuno-modulating properties of berberine are responsible for its health-promoting effects.
• Unformulated berberine’s poor bioavailability, absorption, and palatability hinder its health benefits.
• Tesseract’s proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables targeted delivery and optimal absorption of berberine while enhancing its palatability.

The gut microbiota plays a central role in maintaining gastrointestinal health, as well as influencing overall physiology, nutrition, metabolism, and immune function. Disruption to the complex environment of more than 100 trillion microbial cells can lead to various adverse intestinal health conditions. Berberine, a phytochemical compound derived from several plants like Oregon grapefruit and barberry, interacts with the gut microbiota to help maintain its stability and exert beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health.*

Several studies indicate the antioxidant effects of berberine and its metabolites and their role in helping to maintain normal inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal environment.* Berberine’s role in stabilizing the gut microbiota highlights its effects to help counter adverse intestinal health conditions.* Below, we discuss the benefits of berberine for gut health and explain why incorporating an advanced berberine supplement may support optimal gastrointestinal function.*

Berberine for Gut Health: An Overview

Berberine exerts its beneficial effects on health at standard doses, with a low toxicity profile. Although berberine’s exact mechanism of action is not well understood, its potential beneficial role in lipid-lowering and insulin resistance is thought to influence gut microbiota and overall gastrointestinal health.*   

Let’s look at how berberine’s antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties specifically benefit gut health.*

• Berberine as an antioxidant: Berberine¹ interacts with multiple biochemical pathways to enhance the levels of key endogenous antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) to counter oxidative stress, which may contribute to damage within the GI tract.*

• Berberine as an immunomodulant: Berberine plays a role in down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines — the signaling molecules released by activated immune cells during immune responses.* Berberine also helps lower the levels of acute-phase proteins, a type of plasma protein that fluctuates during inflammatory responses.* 

The following table highlights how these berberine properties translate to gut health benefits.  

Berberine for Gut Health: What are the Benefits?
Supporting glycolipid metabolism: Berberine promotes insulin secretion, enhances 2 insulin resistance, and inhibits lipogenesis (synthesizing fatty acids from non-lipid precursors) to address many adverse metabolism-related health conditions.*  Berberine also displays lipid-lowering activities to help maintain normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and enhance serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).*
Protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier: Berberine helps maintain 2 a healthy intestinal microecology and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier to help maintain immune homeostasis in the gut.*
Strengthening endocrine capabilities: Berberine strengthens 2 the endocrine functions of the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in supporting a healthy liver microenvironment.* By modulating the gut microbiota, berberine may support hormonal balance and liver detoxification processes.*
Alleviating visceral hypersensitivity: Berberine helps 2 alleviate stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal permeability to counter abnormal bowel movements associated with certain adverse health conditions.*
Regulating disturbed gut microbiota: Berberine alters the gut microbiota composition, enhancing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)- producing bacteria, which further increases the beneficial content and proportion of butyric acid.*

Although berberine significantly benefits gut health, its rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability and absorption in standard formulations may hinder its benefits. 

The pharmacokinetic properties of berberine lead to its early degradation in the liver, followed by intestinal first-pass elimination in the stool. As a result, unformulated berberine must be ingested in high amounts to experience its desired beneficial effects. Unfortunately, the intensely bitter taste of berberine makes it difficult to take orally, which is an additional challenge to user compliance.

More recent and advanced berberine supplement formulations address the poor palatability, bioavailability, and absorption of unformulated berberine.   

Including An Advanced Berberine Supplement in Your Diet

BerberActiv® is a hypoallergenic berberine supplement developed by Tesseract Medical Research. The formulation is available in quick-release and sustained-release formats to support your gastrointestinal health* and ensure optimal berberine absorption through the revolutionary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology. 

The CyLoc® technology encases individual berberine molecules in its smart delivery system to maintain its integrity during transit through the stomach. The encapsulation also helps mask the bitter taste of berberine. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption. 

With Tesseract’s BerberActiv® supplement, you can realize the health-promoting benefits of berberine for your gut’s health.*

Citations: 

¹Li Z, et al. Antioxidant . . . activities of berberine. . . .” Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM vol. 2014 (2014): 289264. doi:10.1155/2014/289264

²Yang F, et al. Berberine influences . . . by modifying gut microbiota. Frontiers in Nutrition vol. 10 1187718. 3 Aug. 2023, doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1187718

Article Summary:

• Heart health supplements, including antioxidants and micronutrients, counter the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cellular components.
• The poor absorption of active ingredients in most heart health supplements adversely impacts their efficacy.
• Tesseract’s proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability and absorption of active nutrients.

A healthy diet is one of the best defenses against adverse cardiovascular health conditions. Many common cardiovascular health conditions are associated with oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses. ROS are highly reactive molecules that can damage cellular macromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins, even eventually resulting in cell dysfunction and even cell death. Increased ROS negatively impacts cardiovascular health through:

• Lowering nitric oxide availability, leading to vasoconstriction and impaired blood flow
• Causing arterial hypertension, leading to increased strain on the heart and blood vessels
• Negatively influencing myocardial calcium handling, affecting the heart’s contractility and rhythym
• Causing plaque buildup

Fortunately, our bodies have several natural enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that can counter ROS and oxidative stress. Specific vitamins, minerals, and compounds such as endocannabinoids, are also involved in the mitigating oxidative stress in cardiac cells. 

Below, we discuss some of the best supplements for heart health and an advanced heart supplement formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research.

Best Supplements for Heart Health: An Overview

Antioxidants and micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals such as folic acid, vitamins C and E, selenium, copper, manganese, and zinc, are involved in pathways that mitigate oxidative damage and help maintain normal inflammatory responses in cardiac tissues and cells.* A healthy diet containing whole grains, fatty fish, fruits, and vegetables is rich in the antioxidants and micronutrients that support heart health. Heart health supplement formulations can fill any nutritional gaps in a balanced diet.   

The following table highlights some of the best supplements for heart health and how they promote healthy cardiovascular functions.*

Best Supplements for Heart Health
Folic Acid	Homocysteine is a critical amino acid produced by the body, and high levels of it can damage the inner lining of arteries. Folic acid lowers the plasma level of homocysteine.*
Vitamin C	Vitamin C enhances nitric oxide (NO) production, increasing vasodilation.*
Vitamin E	Vitamin E is recycled back to its native unoxidized form by other antioxidants, such as vitamin C and CoQ10. A critical antioxidant activity of vitamin E helps terminate chain reactions triggered by lipid peroxyl radicals.* The cardio-protective effects of vitamin E include 1 inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma.*
Anandamide	Supplementation with endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, has been found 2 to cause beneficial hemodynamic changes in blood pressure and heart rate.* Endocannabinoids are synthesized from membrane phospholipids in the heart and other cardiovascular tissues. They act as a stress response system to relax coronary and other arteries.*
Coenzyme Q10	CoQ10’s antioxidant properties help 3 inhibit the oxidation of LDL.* CoQ10 helps down-regulate the activity of proinflammatory cytokines that can adversely affect the inner lining of arteries.*< CoQ10 acts as a cellular membrane stabilizer to limit energy depletion from cardiac cells.*
Quercetin	Quercetin modulates cell signaling pathways to inhibit oxidative damage to LDL.* Quercetin’s endothelium-independent vasodilator effect limits structural vascular alterations.* Quercetin supplementation has been found 4 to maintain normal blood pressure levels.
Citrulline	L-citrulline is found to be effective at increasing the concentration of L-arginine, a precursor for the synthesis of NO.* L-citrulline supplementation has been shown to help maintain healthy blood pressure levels.
Lipoic Acid	The antioxidant properties of lipoic acid help limit age-related oxidative stress on heart health.* It supports the functioning of vascular endothelium by enhancing the bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO.

Although the beneficial effects of these heart health supplements are well-established, their poor absorption can hinder the efficacy of most commercially available supplement formulations. Formulations using advanced nutrient-delivery technology can counter the absorption challenges of active nutrients to help realize their cardio-protective benefits.*   

Including Advanced Heart Health Supplement Formulations in Your Diet

Tesseract Medical Research has developed a range of advanced supplement formulations to promote your heart health.* The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables the targeted delivery of active nutrients for optimal absorption. The CyLoc® technology encases active nutrient molecules in its smart delivery system, and the accompanying DexKey® reactors release molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract. 

Some of the best supplements for heart health developed by Tesseract Medical Research are: 

• AnaQuell®: It contains anandamide and L-citrulline as key ingredients to promote NO production and support optimal cardiovascular functions.* The formulation promotes a healthy response to mild anxiety (not GAD), stress, and mood changes.* 

• CoQ10Pro®: The Coenzyme Q10 formulation maximizes its solubility and targeted delivery to the heart and muscle tissues to help maintain optimal heart health and support a healthy blood lipid profile.* 

• NOX-FLO®: It contains a proprietary blend of clinically validated rutinosides Hesperidin 2S and Diosmin citrus flavonoids, CoQ10, citrulline, and R-lipoic acid to enhance NO production and support endothelial function and vasodilation.* 

• QuerciSorb®: This quercetin formulation helps maintain healthy blood pressure, inhibits LDL oxidation, and provides optimal vasodilation to enhance blood flow.*  

Tesseract’s innovative nutrient delivery system helps realize the therapeutic potential of active nutrients to keep your heart healthy.*

Citations: 

¹Vardi M, et al. Vitamin E . . . . Journal of Lipid Research vol. 54,9 (2013): 2307-2314. doi:10.1194/jlr.R026641

²​​Hiley CR. Endocannabinoids and the heart. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology vol. 53,4 (2009): 267-276. doi:10.1097/FJC.0b013e318192671d

³Kumar A, et al. Role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). . . . Pharmacology & Therapeutics vol. 124,3 (2009):259-268. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.003

⁴Forney LA, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 19,3 895. 17 Mar. 2018, doi:10.3390/ijms19030895

⁵Allerton TD, et al. l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients vol. 10,7 921. 19 Jul. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10070921

Article Summary:

• Immune health supplements are mainly in the form of vitamins, minerals, and plant-derived antioxidant compounds.
• Immune health supplements enhance the body’s defense mechanisms against pathogens.
• Most immune health supplements are not well-absorbed, adversely affecting their benefits.
• Tesseract’s proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables optimal bioavailability and absorption of active nutrients in immune health supplements.  

Our body’s immune system is a highly complex network of organs, cells, and signaling proteins that work together to protect the body and maintain health. An imbalanced immune response can lead to inflammatory responses, resulting in temporary swelling, redness, heat, and pain. Prolonged or dysregulated immune reactions can result in tissue damage and contribute to immune-mediated health conditions. 

Nutritional supplements help regulate proper immune function and help maintain balanced inflammatory responses.* Research has shown that inadequate intake of key micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, is associated with an increased risk and severity of adverse health conditions.* Additionally, certain plant-derived compounds exhibit antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that can strengthen immune health.*    

Below, we discuss the benefits of immune health supplements and why you should include an advanced immune support supplement formulation in your diet.  

How Immune Health Supplements Benefit Your Health

Specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, and minerals, including folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, play vital and synergistic roles in healthy immune responses. Some micronutrients with the most substantial evidence for supporting healthy immune function are vitamins C and D, and zinc. Additionally, certain nutrients derived from botanical extracts, such as berberine, curcumin, and quercetin, have been found to support healthy immune function.* 

The following table highlights the key benefits of immune health supplements, highlighting the need to include an immune health supplement in your diet.

Immune Health Support Supplement Benefits
Supplement	Effects on Immune Health
Vitamin C	Vitamin C supports1 various cellular functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems.*  It supports the skin’s epithelial barrier function and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin.* Vitamin C accumulates in neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is a critical part of the immune system) to enhance immune responses at the site of an infection.*
Vitamin D	Vitamin D inhibits2 B-cell and T-cell proliferation and blocks B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion to downregulate adverse immune responses.* Vitamin D facilitates T-cell maturation and the induction of T-regulatory cells to decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines that trigger adverse inflammatory responses.*
Zinc	Zinc promotes3 the normal development and functions of immune cells.*  The antioxidant properties of zinc and its ability to stabilize cellular membranes indicate its potential role in limiting free-radical-induced injury during inflammatory processes.* Zinc competes with iron and copper for binding to cell membranes, thereby decreasing the production of hydroxyl (.OH) radicals.*
Curcumin	Curcumin upregulates4 various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B, T, and natural killer cells, to beneficially influence the body’s defense mechanism.* Curcumin inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (signaling proteins) and alters their circulating concentrations to downregulate adverse immune responses.* Curcumin’s immune-enhancing actions are attributed to its antioxidant properties of eliminating free radicals.*
Quercetin	Quercetin helps5 stabilize mast cells that release histamine — a signaling chemical involved in imbalanced local immune responses.* Quercetin modulates various cell signaling pathways that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.*  It inhibits leukotriene production by white blood cells, thus down-regulating adverse immune responses.* Quercetin helps maintain the normal balance between T-helper cells (Th1/ Th2), thus promoting a healthy immune response.*
Berberine	Berberine can directly suppress6 the pro-inflammatory responses of Th1 and Th17 cells by inhibiting their function and differentiation, thus limiting adverse immune reactions.* Berberine modulates several cell signaling pathways to limit Th-cell-mediated inflammatory responses.*

The optimal absorption of an immune health supplement is critical to realize its beneficial effects. Although a healthy and balanced diet can provide the necessary micronutrients and antioxidants, your body may still need additional supplementation under certain circumstances. Opting for an advanced immune health supplement formulation can enhance the bioavailability and absorption of these active nutrients.  

Including an Advanced Immune Health Support Supplement Formulation in Your Diet

Tesseract Medical Research has developed a range of immune support supplements that strengthen your body’s defenses.* The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability and palatability of potent botanical extracts that have been traditionally difficult to absorb or tolerate. The targeted delivery of active nutrients at the desired point in the intestinal tract ensures optimal absorption and micro-dosing to achieve the desired benefits. 

With Tesseract’s formulations, you can be assured of realizing the benefits of immune health supplements to promote your overall health and wellness.    

Citations:

¹Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients vol. 9,11 1211. 3 Nov. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9111211

²Aranow C. Vitamin D and the immune system. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research vol. 59,6 (2011):881-886. doi:10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
³Prasad AS. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) vol. 14,5-6 (2008):353-357. doi:10.2119/2008-00033.Prasad

Article Summary:

• Lipoic acid is a natural antioxidant synthesized by the mitochondria of the liver and other tissues. 
• Lipoic acid’s strong reduction and low oxidation-reduction potential make it one of the most potent cellular oxidation regulators.*
• The enhanced absorption and stability of R-lipoic acid in the plasma results in more pronounced benefits, highlighting its role as a nutritional supplement. 
• Tesseract Medical Research’s revolutionary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability and absorption of R-lipoic acid to better promote overall health and wellness.    

Lipoic acid, also known as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), is a naturally occurring antioxidant synthesized in the human body. It exists in two chemical forms: R-lipoic acid and S-lipoic acid. Of these, R-lipoic acid is the biologically active form, endogenously produced in the body, and present naturally in many foods. In both animal and plant cells, R-lipoic acid serves as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes, highlighting its role in cellular energy production.* The extensive biological activities of R-lipoic acid translate to numerous benefits for overall health and wellness.* 

Below, we discuss R-lipoic acid’s many benefits and why you should consider an R-lipoic acid supplement in your routine to realize its beneficial potential.

R-Lipoic Acid Benefits — An Overview

The antioxidant properties of R-lipoic acid and its ability to help maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response help mitigate several adverse health conditions characterized by oxidative stress.* The following table highlights the benefits of R-lipoic acid and how it supports various health functions.*

Benefits of R-Lipoic Acid
a. Antioxidant support The chemical structure of R-lipoic acid supports the elimination of reactive oxygen species.* Lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, can neutralize both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).* Dihydrolipoic acid is a potent reducing agent that reduces the oxidized forms of several antioxidants, including coenzyme Q10 and glutathione.* Lipoic acid can inhibit iron- and copper-induced oxidative damage and limit heavy metal toxicity.* Lipoic acid promotes the activation of antioxidant signaling pathways, particularly enhancing glutathione synthesis in cells.*
b. Immune support Clinical evidence suggests1 lipoic acid exerts beneficial effects on the adaptive and innate immune systems.* Lipoic acid up-regulates the function of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, which helps maintain balanced immune responses.* Lipoic acid is involved in multiple cell signaling pathways that down-regulate imbalanced inflammatory responses.*
c. Endocrine health support Lipoic acid modulates2 insulin sensitivity and secretion, thereby benefiting glucose metabolism and glucose uptake in cells.* Lipoic acid3 beneficially influences the levels of thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).*
d. Cardiovascular health support Lipoic acid supports the functioning of vascular endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels, thus playing a critical role in cardiovascular health.* Lipoic acid4 enhances endothelial function by increasing the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO).* The antioxidant properties of lipoic acid help limit age-related oxidative stress on the cardiovascular system.*
e. Neurological health support Lipoic acid exerts neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells, which helps to limit the progression of age-related cognitive impairment.*

The chemical structure of naturally occurring R-lipoic acid in food sources is bound to the amino acid, lysine, within proteins. In contrast, lipoic acid in supplement formulations is not bound to protein, allowing for significantly higher concentrations of this compound compared to dietary sources. 

The safety profile of lipoic acid is well-established, with  daily doses ranging from  200 mg to 2,400 mg generally being well-tolerated and free from adverse side effects. However, due to limited data available on the prolonged usage and potential contraindications of lipoic acid with prescription medications, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before including a lipoic acid supplement in your routine.   

Including An Advanced R-Lipoic Acid Supplement in Your Routine

Tesseract Medical Research’s RLA Pro SR® is an R-lipoic acid formulation developed for optimal bioavailability and absorption. The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables unprecedented absorption of R-lipoic acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract to achieve a rapid and powerful physiological response. With micro-dosing in single capsules, RLA Pro SR® helps you realize the benefits of R-lipoic acid to support your overall health and wellness.      

Citations:

¹Liu W, et al. The immunomodulatory effect of alpha-lipoic acid . . . . BioMed Research International vol. 2019 8086257. 20 Mar. 2019, doi:10.1155/2019/8086257

²Capece U, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid and glucose metabolism: A comprehensive update on biochemical and therapeutic features. Nutrients vol. 15,1 18. 21 Dec. 2022, doi:10.3390/nu15010018

³Khoder NM, et al. Metformin and alpha lipoic acid ameliorate hypothyroidism and its complications in adult male rats. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders vol. 21,2 1327-1337. 8 Jun. 2022, doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01063-7
⁴Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, et al. Role of alpha-lipoic acid in vascular function: A systematic review of human intervention studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition vol. 62,11 (2022): 2928-2941. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1861425

The immune system is designed to provide rapid, specific, and protective responses against foreign pathogens while also eliminating toxic or allergenic compounds that may enter through mucosal surfaces. When immune function is compromised, the body’s defense mechanisms weaken, increasing susceptibility to various health conditions.     

Supporting immune function is essential for maintaining overall health. Regular intake of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants through a balanced diet has been found to promote optimal immune function. However, dietary gaps can occur, and targeted immune health supplements can help fill these nutritional deficiencies.  

What are the most effective supplements and top nutrients for immune system support, and how do they work? In this article, we address these questions–exploring the science behind immune health supplements and their role in supporting overall wellness. Use the links below to jump ahead to different topics on the page.

The Role of Immune Health Supplements

Immune responses are orchestrated by various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, among others. These responses are regulated through complex signaling pathways and transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Although weakened immune responses can increase susceptibility to infections, an overactive immune response may lead to damage of the body’s own tissues, contributing to autoimmunity or an unhealthy inflammatory response.

Immune health supplements come into play as they can strengthen the body’s defense mechanisms against invading pathogens, toxins, and allergens.* These supplements are also instrumental in helping to maintain the body’s normal inflammatory responses and suppressing the overactivation of immune cells by modulating critical cell signaling pathways.*

Common Immune Health Supplements

Vitamins and minerals–including vitamins A, C, D, and E, and selenium and zinc–are common immune health supplements that promote optimal immune function.* Clinical deficiencies of these micronutrients have been associated with weakened immune function.* The following table highlights how these supplements work to promote immune health.* 

Common Immune Health Supplements
Vitamin A  It is required to form and maintain epithelial tissue that acts as a barrier to pathogens.  It is involved in the differentiation, maturation, and function of immune cells and in regulating inflammatory cytokines — the signaling molecules secreted by immune cells that promote inflammation.  Vitamin A deficiency can cause altered immune responses with increased susceptibility to infections.
Vitamin C It is an essential nutrient that is critical in influencing both innate and adaptive immunity.* It exerts antioxidant effects on immune system modulators and helps maintain epithelial integrity.* Vitamin C enhances the differentiation and proliferation of B and T cells, normalizes cytokine production, and lowers histamine levels —  a signaling chemical often associated with allergic responses.*
Vitamin D Almost all immune cells express the vitamin D receptor, which helps vitamin D modulate innate and adaptive immune responses.* Vitamin D helps maintain a normal inflammatory response and enhances the level and activity of T-regulatory cells — a specialized sub-population of T-cells that suppresses adverse immune reactions.* Vitamin D deficiency impacts the body’s susceptibility to infections by weakening tissue barriers and impairing macrophage functions.*
Vitamin E  It is an antioxidant that helps maintain cell membrane integrity and epithelial barriers.  Vitamin E enhances antibody production, lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer cell activity.  It helps maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Selenium Selenium plays a role in T-cell maturation and function and in natural killer cell activity to support innate and adaptive immune responses.  Selenium is one of the critical components of antioxidant enzymes, and it helps limit the systemic inflammatory response.
Zinc Zinc is necessary for the catalytic activity of several enzymes and plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses.* Zinc helps maintain the integrity of tissue barriers, such as the respiratory epithelia.*

3 Important Botanicals that Promote Immune Health 

Botanicals are plants or plant-derived compounds recognized for their beneficial effects on health and wellness. Many botanicals contain active ingredients that exhibit antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that promote optimal immune function.* Some common botanicals that benefit immune function include elderberry, garlic, ginseng, green tea, turmeric, barberry, onion, and others. Interestingly, some of these botanicals may already be a part of your diet, contributing to supporting immune function naturally. 

The following sections discuss the immune function benefits of the plant-derived compounds curcumin, quercetin, and berberine.*

Curcumin and Immune Health

Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the roots and rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has been shown to target multiple signaling molecules to exert numerous health benefits.* Curcumin is mainly known for exerting antioxidant effects and helping to maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.* The following table summarizes how curcumin benefits immune health.*

Curcumin’s Beneficial Effects on Immune Health*
Interacting with various immune cells: Curcumin helps to up-regulate various immune cells, including the macrophages, dendritic cells, B, T, and natural killer cells, to strengthen the body’s defense capacity.*
Altering circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines: The intake of curcumin supplements has been found1 to downregulate the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).*
Modulating metabolic pathways: Curcumin inhibits cytokine production and cell proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB target genes involved in inducing immune responses.*

Quercetin and Immune Health

Quercetin is the most abundant dietary flavonoid in several fruits, green leafy vegetables, and tea. The compound is an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals to protect cellular components from oxidative stress. The antioxidant properties of quercetin help balance various cell signaling pathways to exert therapeutic effects on immune health. 
The following table highlights how quercetin influences immune functions.  

Quercetin’s Benefits for Immune Health*
Inhibiting histamine release: Quercetin helps stabilize mast cells that release histamine, a signaling chemical involved in local immune response communication.*
Inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production: Quercetin downregulates2 the NF-κβ1 and Iκβ cell signaling pathways, which inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines.*
Inhibiting the production of leukotrienes: Quercetin downregulates the production of leukotrienes, the mediators produced in white blood cells that cause adverse immune responses, such as the tightening of airway muscles.*
Enhancing Th1/Th2 balance: Quercetin enhances the balance between T-helper (Th) cell types—Th1 and Th2—critical to beneficial adaptive immune responses.*
Down-regulation of antigen-specific IgE antibody formation: Quercetin inhibits the formation of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that trigger antigen-specific allergic reactions.*

 

Berberine and Immune Health

Berberine is one of the primary active ingredients extracted from the roots, rhizomes, and stems of European barberry, goldenseal, Oregon grape, and tree turmeric. It has been traditionally used across cultures for its antioxidative and immunosupportive effects on various health functions.* The following table summarizes how berberine supports immune health.* 

How Berberine Supports Immune Health*
Suppressing pro-inflammatory responses of Th cells: Berberine helps3 suppress functions and differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells, which helps limit cell-mediated inflammatory responses.*
Modulating immune function: Berberine upregulates the functioning of beneficial immune cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells, which helps to down-regulate adverse immune responses and lower risks of autoimmunity — the condition when the immune system mounts an attack against its own cells.*
Influencing cell signaling pathways: Berberine beneficially interacts with immune cell signaling pathways to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.*

Delivery Technology in Advanced Immune Health Supplements

Although the beneficial health effects of curcumin, quercetin, and berberine are well-established, their poor bioavailability and absorption can hinder their efficacy. The pharmacological properties of these compounds contribute to their limited bioavailability in the body. The distinct bitter taste of unformulated curcumin and berberine further complicates oral ingestion, potentially challenging patient compliance. 

Various approaches have been used to enhance the palatability, solubility, and absorption of these nutrients. Different formulation techniques, such as co-administration with adjuvants, incorporation into micelles, nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, liposomes, and solid dispersions, have been implemented to improve their efficacy. Encapsulation techniques are often preferred to protect the integrity of the nutrient molecules and enhance their functional properties, such as stability, solubility, and controlled release.   

Among encapsulation techniques, nano-delivery systems are considered the most effective in encapsulating the active ingredient and gradually releasing it at the target site.     

Best Supplements for Immune Health Developed by Tesseract Medical Research

The immune health supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research contain potent botanical extracts formulated for optimal bioavailability and absorption. The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables the maximum solubility of trusted nutrients that have previously been difficult to absorb. The CyLoc® technology encases active nutrient molecules in its dextrin fiber delivery cage. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the active ingredient molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for optimal absorption and efficacy. 

The revolutionary smart nutrient delivery system protects the integrity of the active nutrients as they transit through the stomach. The nanoencapsulation also masks the unpleasant taste and odor of these nutrients to make them palatable and achieve user compliance. The following table highlights the best supplements for immune health developed by Tesseract Medical Research.

Best Supplements for Immune Health
TetraCumin®: This turmeric supplement formulation contains Tetrahydrocurcumin — a more stable and bioavailable form of curcumin that helps maintain healthy inflammatory responses.* The enhanced bioavailability and absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin enhance its efficacy in promoting healthy immune function.*
QuerciSorb® Immunophore SR: A single supplement capsule contains four immune-supportive nutrients — quercetin, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin D.* Quercetin binds with zinc to exert its beneficial effects on immune function.* The formulation delivers the active nutrients through the gut wall in a sustained-release format to promote healthy immune function.*
BerberActiv®:  This hypoallergenic berberine supplement is available in quick-release and sustained-release formulations. It contains a proprietary berberine complex that helps down-regulate adverse immune reactions and helps maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.*

With Tesseract’s best supplements for immune health, you can support your healthy immune function with proven nutrients and take them in micro-doses to achieve the desired health and wellness outcomes.* 

Citations: 

¹Gao X, Kuo J, Jiang H, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin: suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine production in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2004 Jul 1;68(1):51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.03.015. PMID: 15183117.

²Yao L, et al. Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients vol. 8,3 167. 15 Mar. 2016, doi:10.3390/nu8030167
³Seyed-Morteza E, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory impacts of berberine on activation of autoreactive T cells in autoimmune inflammation. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine vol. 24,23 (2020): 13573-13588. doi:10.1111/jcmm.16049

Antioxidants play a vital role in protecting your body from oxidative stress, a key contributor to aging and chronic health concerns. While starting your day with a nutrient-packed green smoothie or having a colorful salad for lunch are great habits, is it providing your body with all the antioxidants it needs? And when diet alone falls short, what are the best antioxidant supplements to consider? 

In this article, we’ll explore the answers to common questions about antioxidant supplements, including how they counter oxidative stress, promote healthy aging, and leverage advanced antioxidant supplement formulations for optimal absorption. Use the links below to jump ahead to different topics on the page.

What are Antioxidants?

During normal cellular metabolism, our body produces unstable and reactive molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals are also produced when our body responds to external factors, such as pollution, tobacco smoke, and radiation. An accumulation of free radicals can adversely alter lipids, proteins, DNA, and other cellular components, potentially leading to degenerative conditions. 

‘Antioxidants’ is a broad term for any compound that neutralizes free radicals, preventing their harmful effects. The antioxidants produced by our body (endogenous antioxidants) are classified into enzymatic and non-enzymatic types. Vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols are exogenous antioxidants derived from dietary sources or supplements. The following diagram highlights the classification and examples of antioxidants.  

How do Antioxidants Counter Free Radicals?

Chemically, free radicals contain an unpaired electron in their molecular structures that they can either donate or accept, thus acting as an oxidant or a reducing agent. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive chlorine species, and reactive sulfur species are common free radicals generated both during normal cellular metabolism and in response to external soucees like pollution, UV radiation, and smoking.   

Because free radicals lack a full complement of electrons, they can “steal” electrons from other biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. This process, known as oxidative damage, compromises the structure and function of these biomoleculates, potentially leading to cellular dysfunction and disease. Antioxidants give up some of their electrons to neutralize free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reactions that perpetuate oxidative stress at the cellular level. 

Oxidative stress arises when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, tipping the scale in favor of free radicales. This imbalance is a critical factor  in the development of numerous adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and premature aging. 
Notably, antioxidants differ in their capacity to scavenge free radicals, and their activities are significantly correlated with the presence of specific active groups, such as hydroxyl (OH) and amine (NH₂) groups. The following table summarizes some common mechanisms through which antioxidants counter free radicals.

How do Antioxidants Counter Free Radicals?
Scavenging free radicals: Primary antioxidants actively inhibit oxidation reactions by scavenging ROS/RNS.
Sequestering transition metal ions: Chelators are a class of secondary antioxidants that bind to transition metal ions and marginalize their reactivity.
Decomposing hydrogen peroxides or hydroperoxides: Some preventative antioxidants reduce hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide to alcohol and water without generating free radicals.
Enhancing endogenous antioxidant defense: Endogenous antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), regenerate vitamin C from its precursor dehydroascorbic acid (DHA).
Repairing cellular damage: Antioxidant activities include activating transcription factors, such as Nrf2, that activate endogenous antioxidant enzymes to repair cellular damage.

Secondary antioxidants indirectly counter free radicals, including maintaining the body’s natural inflammatory response, inducing protective factors, inhibiting ROS-inducing enzymes (such as xanthine oxidase), and regulating redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways. 

Antioxidants and Healthy Aging 

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions, increasing vulnerability to chronic diseases and contributing the natural aging process. One of the key drivers of age-associated changes, including physical impairment and cognitive decline, is mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress. When oxidative stress disrupts their function, it accelerates cellular aging and impairs overall health

Research¹ highlights that free radical damage to cells is a major factor behind these undesirable changes associated with aging. By enhancing the body’s antioxidant defense systems, it is possible to mitigate free radical damage, protect mitochondrial integrity, and promote healthy aging. Incorporating adequate antioxidant support into a health regimen may help improve quality of life and slow age-related decline.     

 Antioxidants in Food

Research² has demonstrated that conditions related to oxidative stress can be ameliorated by consuming foods rich in antioxidants. Many natural foods, especially those with at least 0.1% antioxidant content, offer significant properties and may be considered beneficial dietary sources of antioxidants. A well-rounded diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, teas, and even moderate amounts of wine provides an abundant array of antioxidants, including vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols. 

The following table highlights some common food sources with high antioxidant properties.

Food Sources with High Antioxidant Properties
Fruits: Cranberries, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, red currants, cherries, figs, guava, pears, oranges, mango, apricots, watermelons, and papaya contain vitamin C, anthocyanins, lycopene, and carotenoids.
Dried fruits: Dried fruits with reduced water content have higher antioxidant capacity than fresh fruits. Dried plums, pears, peaches, apples, figs, dates, and raisins are rich in flavonols such as quercetin and phenolic acids.
Vegetables: Spinach, broccoli, carrots, squash, pumpkin, beetroot, radish, kale, tomatoes, asparagus, avocados, sweet potatoes, bell peppers, and collard greens are high in carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene), sulforaphane, and vitamin C.
Cereals and nuts: Wholegrain cereals contain phenolic compounds, while nuts like walnuts, pecans, and chestnuts are particularly high in polyphenols and vitamin E.
Spices and herbs: Oregano, cinnamon, turmeric, cumin, ginger, pepper, paprika, cardamom, garlic, thyme, sage, and basil not only add flavor to meals but are also rich in antioxidants like curcumin and allicin.
Beverages: Green tea, black tea, apple cider, and red wine have high polyphenol content, including catechins and resveratrol.

Considerations for  Antioxidant Supplements in Your Routine

When endogenous antioxidant defenses are insufficient to protect the body against ROS, supplementation with exogenous antioxidants may help bridge that gap. As we age, the body’s natural antioxidant defense mechanisms are interrupted by elevated ROS production, leading to oxidative stress and its associated health impacts. Nutritional supplements can help replenish the depleted levels of endogenous antioxidants and counter the adverse effects of ROS on cellular and physiological functions.*   
Supplementing with antioxidants has shown potential to delay or ameliorate lifestyle- or age-related health conditions driven by oxidative stress.* The safety and efficacy of antioxidant supplements are well-established with synthetic forms of antioxidants, such as chemically synthesized L-ascorbic acid and RRR-α-Tocopherol, being bioequivalent to their natural forms, vitamins C and E, respectively. 

Absorption of Antioxidant Supplement Formulations

A wide range of factors, including molecular structure, temperature, physiological properties, and the presence of synergistic and pro-oxidant compounds, determines the efficacy of antioxidant compounds. The low molecular weight of certain antioxidants can lose their ability to scavenge free radicals inside cells. 

Antioxidant activities are limited by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology processes. The poor absorption of antioxidant supplement formulations is primarily caused by:

1. Limited permeability into cell membranes.

2. Degradation in the stomach and intestines. 

Delivery Technology in Advanced Antioxidant Supplements

Various approaches can enhance the bioavailability and absorption of antioxidants to maximize their effectiveness. There are several ways of encapsulating antioxidants, and selecting the appropriate delivery system is critical to optimize antioxidant absorption and activity. 

Among all antioxidant delivery systems, lipid emulsions are commonly preferred owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and relative stability. Emulsions, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions are considered excellent delivery systems for enhancing the bioavailability of antioxidants and minimizing their undesired actions on other cells and tissues. 

Antioxidant supplements formulated with nano-delivery systems are among³ the most effective in encapsulating the active ingredient and gradually releasing it at the target site. 

What are the Top Antioxidant Nutrients?

Not all antioxidant supplements are the same, and each one plays a role in supporting various health functions. So, what are the top antioxidant nutrients? The following table highlights some of the common, commercially available, and top antioxidant nutrients that have been observed to limit oxidative stress and boost the body’s antioxidant defense mechanism.* 

Top Antioxidant Nutrients
Glutathione:  Glutathione, also called master antioxidant, acts as a detoxifying agent and antioxidant to protect against damage caused by free radicals, and supports nervous, gastrointestinal, immune, and endocrine systems.*
Coenzyme Q10: As a fat-soluble antioxidant, CoQ10 limits the toxic effects of free radicals on cardiac cells and promotes cardiovascular health.*
Lipoic acid: This naturally occurring antioxidant provides many therapeutic benefits for immune, endocrine, cardiovascular, reproductive, and neurological health.*
Quercetin: The antioxidant properties of quercetin and its role in maintaining the body’s natural inflammatory response promote heart and kidney health, as well as normal immune function for seasonal changes.*
Thymoquinone: This lipophilic molecule displays antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that promote gastrointestinal and neurological health.*
Curcumin: This yellow-colored pigment is known for its beneficial antioxidant effects on musculoskeletal and immune health.* Curcumin also promotes healthy heart, gastrointestinal, and hepatic functions.*
Berberine: Berberine plays a role in glucose maintenance, liver detoxification, weight management, hormonal management, and gut microbiome support to promote endocrine and cardiometabolic health.*

Optimized Antioxidant Supplements Developed by Tesseract Medical Research    

What defines an effective antioxidant supplement? The answer lies in the optimal bioavailability and absorption of a supplement formulation’s active ingredients. 

The antioxidant supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research are formulated for optimal absorption and efficacy. Tesseract formulations contain potent botanical extracts with proven antioxidant effects to promote your health and wellness.* Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology encases individual antioxidant molecules in its smart delivery system, protecting them from early degradation during transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the antioxidant molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximized absorption. 

With unprecedented absorption capabilities, antioxidant supplements can be taken in smaller amounts to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes. Enhanced bioavailability, maximum absorption, and micro-dosing of active nutrients set Tesseract formulations apart as highly effective antioxidant supplements.*     

Citations:

¹Lobo V, et al. “Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health.” Pharmacognosy Reviews 4,8 (2010):118-126. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.70902

²Pisoschi AM, et al. Antioxidant capacity determination in plants and plant-derived products: A review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016):9130976. doi:10.1155/2016/9130976

³Vaiserman A, et al. Nanodelivery of natural antioxidants: An anti-aging perspective. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 7;447. 10 Jan. 2020, doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447

Article Summary:

• Tetrahydrocurcumin is a major metabolite of curcumin that exhibits similar properties to curcumin. 
• Tetrahydrocurcumin is known for its enhanced stability and bioavailability, resulting in better absorption than curcumin. 
• The innovative CyLoc – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables optimal absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin to promote various health functions.  

Curcumin is widely recognized for its powerful antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. However, the low stability and poor systemic bioavailability of curcumin significantly hinders its absorption and effectiveness, posing a challenge for most curcumin nutritional supplements. 

The body breaks down curcumin in the liver before it achieves its active byproduct metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), through a process called hydrogenation. As the primary metabolite of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin shares many of curcumin’s physiological and pharmacological benefits but stands out as the most potent antioxidant among naturally occurring curcuminoids. With greater stability and bioavailability than curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin delivers enhanced benefits under physiological conditions, making it a superior option for supporting antioxidant status, immune health, and overall well-being. 

Below, we discuss the benefits of tetrahydrocurcumin, how its benefits differ from curcumin, and why you should include a tetrahydrocurcumin supplement in your diet.   

Why Tetrahydrocurcumin Outshines Curcumin: Key Benefits Explained

The differences in the molecular structures of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin result in the functional differences of the two compounds. Tetrahydrocurcumin is more soluble in an aqueous medium, while curcumin is more lipid-soluble. These properties allow THC to achieve high concentrations in the bloodstream and tissues, resulting in higher systemic bioavailability and more pronounced biological effects. The following table summarizes tetrahydrocurcumin’s benefits compared to those of curcumin, highlighting THC’s role as an active ingredient in nutritional supplements.

Tetrahydrocurcumin Benefits Are Superior to Curcumin
a. Tetrahydrocurcumin is a more potent antioxidant agent.* THC is superior to curcumin for upregulating the activity of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and NADPH quinone reductase — key antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Studies1 show that THC lowers the levels of lipid peroxidation markers in the blood, liver, and kidney induced cholesterolemia in animal models. This makes THC a more potent antioxidant than curcumin to quench free radicals.*
b. Tetrahydrocurcumin exerts enhanced hepatoprotective effects.* In situations of liver injury, THC displays2 better hepatoprotective effects than the parent compound, curcumin.* THC exerts its beneficial effects on the liver by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 anti-oxidation pathway — a principal protective response against oxidative stress.*
c. Tetrahydrocurcumin exhibits better inhibitory action against inflammatory signaling pathways.* THC has been found3 to be more effective in ameliorating adverse immune responses than curcumin.* It downregulates the IL-4Rα/Jak1/STAT6 pathway—a critical inflammatory signaling pathway–to exhibit better inhibitory action against adverse immune cell responses.*

The body’s inability to convert curcumin into tetrahydrocurcumin rapidly enough results in curcumin being cleared from the bloodstream before it can deliver its full range of benefits. By introducing tetrahydrocurcumin directly into the body, this metabolic conversion step is bypassed, ensuring more effective results.  

Tetrahydrocurcumin is often regarded as a more accessible form of curcumin because of its superior stability and bioavailability, offering enhanced health benefits with greater efficiency. Unlike traditional curcumin supplements, which require higher doses to achieve desired effects, tetrahydrocurcumin supplements provide comparable benefits at much lower quantities. Advanced formulations utilizing nutrient delivery nanotechnology can further enhance the overall solubility and absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin.      

Including A Tetrahydrocurcumin Supplement in Your Diet 

TetraCumin® is an innovative supplement formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research that achieves the health benefits of tetrahydrocurcumin. Developed in both quick-release and 12-hour sustained-release forms, the formulation promotes joint and muscle health, normal immune function, and a healthy gastrointestinal environment.* 

The proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables the optimal absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin molecules. The CyLoc® technology encases individual tetrahydrocurcumin molecules in its smart delivery system to maintain their integrity during the transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release each molecule at the desired point in the intestinal tract for maximum absorption. 

This revolutionary technology accomplishes unprecedented absorption of tetrahydrocurcumin molecules, thereby enabling microdosing of the formulation. With TetraCumin®, you can be assured of optimal absorption of the active nutrient to realize tetrahydrocurcumin’s benefits.    

Citations:

¹Slavica J, et al. Positive tetrahydrocurcumin-associated brain-related metabolomic implications. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 28,9:3734. 26 Apr. 2023, doi:10.3390/molecules28093734

²Dan-Dan L, et al. Tetrahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin, the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin, possess superior hepatic-protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Role of CYP2E1 and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 123 (2019):349-362. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.012

³Achyut P, et al. Reductive metabolites of curcumin and their therapeutic effects. Heliyon 6,11 e05469. 12 Nov. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05469

Article Summary:

• Food selectivity in children with ASD often leads to nutritional deficiencies, which can further exacerbate their gastrointestinal and neurological health. 
• Dietary supplements formulated for individuals with ASD aim to maintain optimal nutrient levels and support overall health. 
• AuRx® is a specialized, hypoallergenic medical food containting butyric acid, uniquely formulated with proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology to enhance the absorption and effectiveness of the active nutrient.    

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a class of conditions associated with delayed development, repetitive/ stereotyped behavior, and impaired language communication, thereby affecting social interaction. Although the exact cause of ASD remains unknown, it is believed that several genetic, metabolic, neurologic, and immunologic factors contribute to the neurodevelopmental condition. 

In children, food selectivity and unusual eating patterns are often associated with ASD. Food selectivity can lead to inadequate nutrient intake, resulting in nutritional deficiencies that further aggravate the condition. Hence, both dietary supplements and medical foods are considered relatively safe and effective ways to fill nutritional gaps in the diets of children with ASD. 

Below, we discuss how both dietary supplements and AuRx®, a medical food developed by Tesseract Medical Research, provides nutritional support to children with ASD.        

How do Dietary Supplements Work for Autism Support? 

As stated above, dietary supplements play a supportive role in managing ASD by addressing nutritional deficiencies, promoting gut health, and supporting neurological function. These targeted interventions may complement other therapies to help improve overall quality of life and alleviate specific symptoms in children with ASD. 

Research has identified  deficiencies in vitamin D¹ and omega-3 fatty acids² among children with ASD. Supplementation with vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, probiotics, digestive enzymes, butyric acid, folinic acid, and sulforaphane may offer promising benefits, with varied success in alleviating ASD-related symptoms. 

The following table highlights how these dietary supplements can promote neurological and gastrointestinal health in children with ASD, providing clinical insights into their potential therapeutic roles.        

Key Dietary Ingredients & Supplement Nutrients for Autism Support
Vitamin D3: Vitamin D3 is critically involved in neurodevelopment, including neural cell proliferation, neurotransmission, immune function, and addressing oxidative stress. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood may significantly impact the developing brain, resulting in adverse neuropathologies, including ASD. Vitamin D supplementation helps maintain normal inflammatory responses in the brain.
Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 plays a significant role in inhibiting the toxicity of nitrous oxide (N2O), an air pollutant considered to be a risk factor of ASD. Studies3 indicate that intramuscular B12 injections and oral folinic acid supplementation can counteract depleted plasma antioxidant concentrations in children with ASD.
Omega-3 fatty acids: EPA and DHA are the two omega-3 fatty acids critical for brain structure and function. These omega-3 fatty acids are substrates for the production of lipid-based signaling molecules that are necessary for cellular communication and immune regulation.  Because reduced concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids have been observed in ASD children, supplementation might help alleviate ASD-related symptoms.
Probiotics and digestive enzymes: The high prevalence of gastrointestinal disturbances in children with ASD indicates the role of the gut-brain axis in influencing both GI and neurological health. Dietary supplementation of probiotics and digestive enzymes helps restore normal gut microbiota and limits the production and absorption of toxins in the gut.
Butyric acid: The gut microbiomes of children with ASD differ significantly  from those of neurotypical children. A high acidic pH level in their stools indicates an imbalance in the microbiota that can lead to downstream adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and nervous systems through the gut-brain axis.  Butyric acid is an intracellular signaling molecule and immunoregulator. Studies4 indicate the beneficial role of butyric acid in gene expression in ASD.  Butyric acid supplementation can enhance gut health by upregulating the beneficial activity of white blood cells in the colon of children with ASD, thereby generating a more normal inflammatory response.
Folinic acid: Dysregulation of the circulating concentrations of homocysteine,an important intermediate in folate and vitamin B12 metabolism, is associated with ASD, reflecting potential impairments in methylation and detoxification pathways. Additionally, ASD is also accompanied by circulating low levels of key antioxidant, glutathione. Because folic acid is closely related to the metabolism of homocysteine and glutathione, disruptions in folate-related metabolism can increase the risk of ASD. Supplementation with folinic acid, the reduced form of folate, helps stabilize cerebrospinal fluid folate concentrations, which can improve the neurological symptoms associated with ASD.
Sulforaphane: A phytonutrient derived from cruciferous vegetables, it is well tolerated, with no toxicity reported in children with ASD. Sulforaphane exerts beneficial effects against some of the potential causes of ASD, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and adverse inflammatory responses.

The efficacy of an autism dietary supplement depends on the bioavailability and absorption of its active nutrients. Before selecting the most suitable supplement for ASD, it is important to consider the active nutrients and delivery system used in the formulation.   

AuRx® — A Butyric Acid Medical Food for Autism Spectrum Disorder 

AuRx® is a gold-standard medical food for ASD, featuring a stabilized butyric acid complex delivered in a palatable powder that is easily blended with foods like applesauce to ensure patient compliance. This hypoallergenic medical food counteracts the gut-brain nutrient imbalance, which may help alleviate the behavioral changes, language impairment, and irritability common in children with ASD. AuRx’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enables targeted delivery of its butyric acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract for unprecedented absorption. However, it is important to remember to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating changes to an ASD management plan.

AuRx® is butyric acid supplementation reimagined, making it possible to address a specific nutritional requirement in children with ASD.     

The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your neurological health.*

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Citations:

¹Siracusano M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder. Current pharmaceutical design vol. 26,21 (2020): 2460-2474. doi:10.2174/1381612826666200415174311

²Posar A, Visconti P. Omega-3 supplementation in autism spectrum disorders: A still open question? Journal of pediatric neurosciences vol. 11,3 (2016): 225-227. doi:10.4103/1817-1745.193363

³Rossignol DA, Frye RE. The effectiveness of cobalamin (B12) treatment for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of personalized medicine vol. 11,8 784. 11 Aug. 2021, doi:10.3390/jpm11080784

⁴Frye RE, et al. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: the role of the mitochondria and the enteric microbiome. Microbial ecology in health and disease vol. 26 27458. 7 May. 2015, doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.27458

Article Summary:

• Gut microbiome supplements enhance the vitality, richness, and diversity of intestinal microbiota. 
• The plant-derived ingredients in gut microbiome supplements often display poor solubility, hindering the efficacy of the supplement’s formulation. 
• Tesseract’s proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology enhances the bioavailability of the active ingredients of its gut microbiome supplements, ensuring optimal absorption for rapid physiological responses. 

The gut microbiome is a complex and diverse ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms that play a role in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis and supporting numerous metabolic processes. Clinical studies indicate the close association of the health of our gut with our mood, emotions, sleep, and immune system. An imbalance in the gut’s microbial community can contribute to adverse cardiovascular conditions, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, and dysregulated inflammatory responses. 

Supplements designed to support the gut microbiome can help restore microbial balance and positively influence health functions. But what specific ingredients in these supplements exert therapeutic effects on the body? Below, we discuss several common ingredients found in gut health supplements and their role in promoting normal physiological functions.  

What are the Ingredients in Gut Microbiome Supplement Formulations?

Gut microbiome supplements are categorized into probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Although food sources, such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and kimchi, can be rich sources of probiotics (good bacteria like Lactobacillus), prebiotics are the fibers and sugars the good bacteria feed on, but the body cannot digest. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), released by healthy bacteria feeding on their prebiotic food sources. 

The following table highlights common prebiotic and postbiotic ingredients in gut microbiome supplement formulations. 

Common Ingredients of Gut Microbiome Supplements
Butyric Acid: This SCFA is fuel for colon cells (or colonocytes). Research1 shows that butyrate is absorbed into the portal vein and influences vital metabolic processes, including lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and immune responses.*
Ginger: Ginger supplementation has been found2 to benefit the composition of gut microbiota, thereby addressing insulin resistance and limiting the build-up of excess fat in the liver.*
Cinnamon: Cinnamon essential oil helps3 maintain normal inflammatory responses in the GI tract and helps improve the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota.*
Citronella: Citronella essential oil has been found4 to benefit the gut microbiota–inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Bacillus sp., E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes.*
Orange: Bioactive compounds, such as hesperidin and naringin, found primarily in citrus fruit peels enhance the homeostasis of the gut microbiota.*
Lavender: Lavender oil3 protects the gut microbiota against gastrointestinal insults.*
Bitter orange: Bitter orange contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, that display antioxidant properties that can mitigate gastrointestinal injury caused by free radicals.*
Clove: Eugenol, a major compound derived from clove oil, has been found5 to mitigate disruptions to the gut microbiome caused by a high-fat diet (HFD).*
Oregano: Studies indicate6 that oregano essential oil exerts a beneficial effect on the gut’s mucosal barrier and enhances the intestinal microbiota of animal models.* Human studies7,8 have indicated that oregano oil can positively influence the gut microbiome by reducing harmful bacteria and supporting a healthy inflammatory response in the gut.*
Thyme oil: Prolonged intake of a HFD disturbs the composition of gut microbiota. Thyme essential oil can mitigate HFD-induced metabolic disruptions and enhance the gut environment.*
Marjoram oil: Animal studies9 suggest the potential beneficial activity of marjoram extract against harmful bacterial strains in the gut microbiota.*
Nigella seeds: Thymoquinone, the primary constituent of black seed oil derived from Nigella sativa, can correct imbalances in the intestinal flora and enhance the diversity of intestinal microbial composition.*
Turmeric oil: The curcumin in turmeric oil can downregulate adverse inflammatory reactions in the intestine by modulating several cell signaling pathways and beneficially influencing the diversity of gut microbiota.*

Although the beneficial effects of the above ingredients are well-established, their limited natural bioavailability can hinder the efficacy of most gut microbiome supplement formulations. Fortunately, advanced nutrient delivery technologies, including nanotechnology, enhances the absorption of these ingredients to make them a therapeutic reality.  

Including An Advanced Gut Microbiome Supplement in Your Diet

The advanced GI support supplements developed by Tesseract Medical Research utilize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived ingredients while ensuring their optimal absorption through proprietary nutrient delivery nanotechnology. The CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery system encases each active nutrient molecule in a dextrin fiber cage to protect its integrity during the transit through the stomach. The accompanying DexKey reactors enable targeted delivery of the active nutrients at the desired point in the intestinal tract, ensuring unprecedented absorption. 

Tesseract’s innovative gut microbiome supplements, powered by the revolutionary CyLoc / DexKey nutrient delivery system, help maintain the diversity of your intestinal microbiota to promote your overall health and wellness.*  

The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your gastrointestinal health.*

Shop Products

Citations

¹Amiri P, et al. Role of butyrate, a gut microbiota derived metabolite . . . : A comprehensive narrative review. Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 12 837509. 2 Feb. 2022, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.837509

²Wang X, et al. Gut microbiota variation with short-term intake of ginger juice on human health. Frontiers in microbiology vol. 11 576061. 23 Feb. 2021, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.576061

³Li A-L, et al. Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Microbiology and immunology vol. 64,1 (2020): 23-32. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12749

⁴Lazar V, et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by essential oils and inorganic nanoparticles: Impact in nutrition and health. Frontiers in nutrition vol. 9 920413. 8 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.920413

⁵Li M, et al. Eugenol, a major component of clove oil, attenuates adiposity, and modulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 66,20 (2022): e2200387. doi:10.1002/mnfr.202200387

⁶Jia L, et al. Oregano essential oils mediated intestinal microbiota and metabolites and improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function in sheep. Frontiers in immunology vol. 13 908015. 12 Jul. 2022, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.908015

⁷Leyva-López N, et al. Essential Oils of Oregano: Biological Activity beyond Their Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules. 2017;22(6):989. Published 2017 Jun 14. doi:10.3390/molecules22060989

⁸Ghitea TC, et al. The Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum vulgare L. Correlated with the Gastrointestinal Perturbation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules. 2021;26(2):283. doi:10.3390/molecules26020283

⁹Prihambodo TR, et al. Effects of dietary flavonoids on performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology of broilers: a meta-analysis. Animal bioscience vol. 34,3 (2021): 434-442. doi:10.5713/ajas.20.0379

Article Summary:

• Buying nutritional supplements online offers both advantages and drawbacks. While the convenience of getting supplements delivered to your doorstep is appealing, being able to trust the products’ integrity remains a significant concern.  
• The best way to buy supplements online starts with a trusted website. 
• Tesseract Medical Research is a reputable name among nutritional supplement brands, ensuring effective formulations with optimal absorption of active nutrients and fast shipping of quality supplement products. 

Are you considering purchasing nutritional supplements online rather than heading to your local pharmacy or wellness store? With countless nutritional supplement retailers online, it can be a challenge to determine which site is the most reliable. Factors such as brand reputation, product quality, pricing, subscription options, speed of shipping, return policies, and customer service all significantly influence your experience of purchasing supplements from the comfort of your home. 

So, how can you ensure a smooth and reliable experience when buying supplements online? Below, we discuss the pros and cons of buying supplements online, highlight important factors to consider when ordering your supplements, and explain why Tesseract Medical Research is a trusted platform for purchasing high-quality nutritional supplements.     

Buying Supplements Online: An Overview

Whether looking for a specific supplement formulation or just scrolling through the most popular or trending supplements, purchasing supplements online has particular benefits and drawbacks. 

Benefits and Drawbacks of Buying Supplements Online
Benefits: Convenient shopping from home: Instead of going through the aisles of a pharmacy or a retail store, you can scroll through the supplement products a website offers with a click of the mouse. Door-to-door shipping: Subscriptions and auto-shipping, even to international addresses, make it easy to buy supplements online.
Drawbacks: Risk of receiving counterfeit or expired products. The risks of receiving expired, near-expiry, or counterfeit supplements online are higher than those from a local retailer. False and misleading product descriptions. Notably, the FDA does not approve nutritional supplements for safety and efficacy. Sellers are responsible for the safety and efficacy of their supplements, as well as accurate product labeling. You might come across a misleading description of a supplement online that inappropriately claims to treat, cure, or prevent a disease.

The risks of counterfeit products or false health claims about a supplement can make it tricky to purchase supplements online. It is worth noting that nutritional supplements are not quick fixes that provide instantaneous effects. Therefore, you should steer clear of any supplement that claims to cure or treat a health condition. 

Whether buying supplements online or getting them over the counter at a brick-and-mortar store, it is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before including a nutritional supplement in your diet. 

The following are several tips to follow while buying supplements online: 

• Only visit reputable and trusted websites: A trustworthy and reputable brand will make your online supplement shopping experience successful with quality products and safe transactions.  

• Compare different brand websites: Comparing supplements from various reputable brands will give you an idea about the best pricing, subscription plans, and fastest shipping and delivery.  

• Carefully read the product’s labeling and indication of use: What are the ingredients in the supplement’s formulation? Is the product free of unnecessary fillers, coatings, and binders? What structure or function of the body is the supplement being recommended for? What is the nutrient delivery mechanism used? What is the suggested use for oral intake? You can get answers to these questions from the product label and the description of its intended use.   

• Do your research about the health benefits and the side effects of the ingredients: What are the health benefits of the ingredients in the formulation? Are you allergic to any of them? What are the side effects of taking the supplement formulation? Does the supplement deliver an effective dose? Do your research before adding any nutritional supplement to your online cart.   

• Inspect your order after delivery: After you receive the ordered supplements at your doorstep, check the expiry date to ensure you receive quality products. 

Considering the above tips, it is safe to assume that the best way to buy supplements online starts with a trustworthy brand name.  

Tesseract Medical Research — A Trusted Name to Buy Supplements Online

Why should you buy your supplements online from Tesseract Medical Research? 

• Effective supplement formulations: The advanced supplement formulations developed by Tesseract Medical Research are based on proprietary nutrient-delivery nanotechnology that promotes the optimal absorption of even difficult-to-absorb nutrients. As a result, Tesseract formulations help realize the therapeutic potential of the active nutrients. 

• Commitment to Good Manufacturing Practices: Tesseract utilizes the most appropriate and scientifically advanced analytical techniques in its quality control procedures to ensure the quality of ingredients throughout the manufacturing process. 

• Fast shipping and easy returns: If you place an order before 12:00 P.M. PST, then Tesseract does its best to ship your order on the same business day. Tesseract also accepts international orders and ships them through Federal Express, USPS, and UPS. Tesseract’s dedicated customer service department is available at support@tessmed.com for returns and exchanges. 

With Tesseract’s online store, you can be assured of receiving the best nutritional supplement formulations at your doorstep to promote your health and wellness. 

The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing absorption and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they can support your health.*

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