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Bacteria that live in the large intestine produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by breaking down undigested carbohydrates. Butyric acid is one of these SCFAs produced by the body, and it is critical for the normal metabolism and growth of intestinal cells, particularly colonocytes (the cells that line the colon).
Quantitative studies using stable isotope methods estimate that colonic butyrate production in healthy adults is typically in the range of 10–20 mmol over 12 hours after inulin ingestion, which extrapolates to approximately 2–4 grams per day. Current evidence indicates that daily butyrate production in humans is usually less than 5 grams1.
However, the level of butyric acid production can dip due to poor dietary choices, an adverse change in the composition of the gut microbiome (the ecosystem of microbes in the intestine), and specific undesirable health conditions. A nutritional supplement can be a suitable alternative for maintaining a normal butyric acid level.
What is the best butyric acid supplement to promote a healthy gut? This post explains the absorption challenges associated with butyrate supplements, the different types of delivery routes, innovative formulations, and the features of the best butyric acid supplement.
The best butyric acid supplement should overcome palatability and absorption challenges. Most commercially available butyric acid supplements are rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract (which lowers efficacy) and may have an unpalatable taste and odor.
The following table highlights the features of the best butyric acid nutritional supplement and what features you should look for on the product label:
| Choosing the Best Butyric Acid Supplement | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Features | Description | What to Look for | |
| Absorbability | Butyric acid should be easily absorbed, preferably in a sustained-release format. | A butyric acid complex that provides for optimal absorption. For example, the inclusion of probiotic strains in the formula or the use of encapsulation techniques to shield them from gastric degradation. Probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus acidophilus may upregulate MCT1 and counteract factors that inhibit butyrate uptake, further supporting absorption2. | |
| Palatability | The formulation should mask butyrate’s unpleasant taste and odor. | An encapsulated butyric acid formulation. | |
| Innovative nutrient delivery | Innovative approaches that optimize the absorption of butyric acid molecules through targeted delivery. | A cyclodextrin complex that achieves the targeted delivery of butyric acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract. | |
Although rectal administration of butyric acid is also available, it is an invasive procedure that requires medical supervision. Oral supplementation of butyric acid is the easiest and most cost-effective method of delivery.
With regard to butyric acid’s absorption, the primary issue is not the extent of the absorption; but rather, the absorption site.
Butyric acid is rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract because of the high concentration gradient between the colonic lumen (the inner cavity within the colon) and colonocytes. Butyric acid is almost completely metabolized in the colonic epithelial cells, which results in only a small amount entering the bloodstream.
The following table summarizes several factors that contribute to butyric acid’s rapid absorption and elimination from the body:3
| Butyric Acid’s Absorption Challenges | ||
|---|---|---|
| Physico-chemical properties | Since butyric acid is a water-soluble compound with a relatively small molecular mass, it is easily absorbed across cell membranes. | |
| High concentration gradient | There is a higher concentration of butyric acid in the colonic lumen than in the colonocytes, which leads to its rapid absorption. | |
| Rapid metabolism | Butyric acid is metabolized by the colonocytes to produce and release energy. If the metabolic rate increases in cases of intestinal damage, then it can result in higher butyric acid uptake. | |
For a butyric acid nutritional supplement to achieve optimal absorption, its release should be slowed down during its transit through the stomach.
Tesseract Medical Research’s ProButyrate® is an innovative butyric acid supplement complex that achieves the sustained release of the active ingredient. Tesseract’s hypoallergenic formula contains a natural butyric acid proprietary complex that contains stabilized natural butyric acid as a soluble, individual, free fatty acid. Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® —DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology enhances the absorption of butyric acid at the desired point in the intestinal tract to achieve targeted delivery and unparalleled absorption.
The following table summarizes why ProButyrate® is one of the best butyric acid nutritional supplements available:
| Why is ProButyrate® the Best Butyric Acid Supplement? | ||
|---|---|---|
| It contains a natural butyric acid proprietary complex developed for sustained release and optimal absorption of butyrate molecules. | ||
| It is a cyclodextrin complex formulation that provides for targeted delivery and enhanced bioavailability of butyric acid. | ||
| The formulation masks butyric acid’s unpleasant taste and odor, making it easy to ingest orally. | ||
| ProButyrate is manufactured following Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), including the most appropriate and scientifically-advanced analytical techniques and a well-designed quality control system. | ||
The positive safety profile of butyric acid is well-established. No toxicity or significant adverse side effects have been reported. Butyric acid supplements are usually well-tolerated, even when ingested in high amounts.
Consult your health-care provider before including a butyric acid nutritional supplement in your daily routine or in conjunction with prescription medicine and/or other nutritional supplements, as contraindications may exist.
Butyric acid nutritional supplements should be kept in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight, in a tightly sealed container. Refrigeration is generally not needed for storage.
Butyric acid nutritional supplements typically have a shelf life of 12-24 months from the date of manufacture. Tesseract’s innovative ProButyrate nutritional supplement has a shelf life of 36 months.
There is no simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer to this question. Changes to your daily diet or inclusion of any nutritional supplement in your daily health and wellness routine should first be discussed with your healthcare provider.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your gastrointestinal health.*
Reference:
1Boets E, Deroover L, Houben E, et al. Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):8916-8929. Published 2015 Oct 28. doi:10.3390/nu7115440
2Kumar A, Alrefai WA, Borthakur A, Dudeja PK. Lactobacillus acidophilus counteracts enteropathogenic E. coli-induced inhibition of butyrate uptake in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015;309(7):G602-G607. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00186.2015
3Banasiewicz T, et al. Determination of butyric acid dosage based on clinical and experimental studies – a literature review. Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny vol. 15,2 (2020):119-125. doi:10.5114/pg.2020.95556
Article Summary:
Butyric acid, also known as butyrate, is a short-chain fatty acid produced in the intestine by the bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary carbohydrates. Butyrate is animportant energy source for intestinal cells (colonocytes). Growing scientific evidence indicates the important role of butyric acid in promoting both healthy gut function and brain function1.
When considering a butyric acid nutritional supplement, the supplement’s absorption poses a major challenge. This blog post discusses butyric acid’s poor natural absorption rate, the factors that influence it, and why you should include an advanced butyrate nutritional supplement in your daily regimen.
Butyric acid is primarily absorbed in the ascending colon. Its absorption there occurs due to the high concentration gradient between the colonic lumen (the inner space/cavity within the colon) and the colonocytes. Since butyric acid is completely metabolized in the colonic epithelial cells, only a small amount enters the bloodstream.
It is challenging to determine butyric acid’s concentration and its absorption rate due to the high viscosity of the contents of the intestines, the presence of bacterial biofilm, and the mucus layer on the intestinal mucosa (the innermost layer of the intestine).
In a human study that evaluated the absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from the jejunum (the middle section of the small intestine), it was found that the three SCFAs — acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid — were absorbed rapidly and at equal rates.
The rapid absorption rate of butyric acid in the upper gastrointestinal tract makes it almost impossible for it to reach the large intestine, so it can exert its positive effects. The following table highlights several key factors that affect butyric acid absorption.
| Factors that Influence Butyric Acid’s Absorption Rate | |
|---|---|
| Physico-chemical properties | Butyric acid is a water-soluble compound with a relatively small molecular mass, resulting in its easy diffusion across cell membranes. |
| High concentration gradient | There is a high concentration of butyric acid in the colonic lumen compared to the colonocytes. This high concentration gradient leads to the rapid absorption of this short-chain fatty acid. |
| Rapid Metabolism | Butyric acid is metabolized by colonocytes for the purpose of releasing energy. The rate of metabolism can increase in cases of any intestinal damage, resulting in higher butyric acid uptake. |
The key to optimal absorption of butyric acid in the large intestine is to slow down its release during its transit through the stomach.
ProButyrate®, developed by Tesseract Medical Research, utilizes innovative and proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology to increase the absorption rate of butyric acid molecules. Tesseract’s CyLoc® technology encapsulates individual butyrate molecules in their own dextrin carrier, thus ensuring both molecular integrity and supplement palatability.
Tesseract’s accompanying DexKey® carriers release the encapsulated butyric acid molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract to achieve increased absorption. This effective time-release delivery of individual butyrate molecules promotes a healthy intestinal environment, resulting in overall positive health and wellness benefits to the user.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your gut health.*
Reference:
1Kalkan AE, BinMowyna MN, Raposo A, et al. Beyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate’s Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2025;17(8):1305. Published 2025 Apr 9. doi:10.3390/nu17081305
Article Summary:
Berberine is a naturally occurring bioactive ingredient widely known for helping to maintain healthy blood glucose levels, promoting weight management, supporting cardiovascular functions, and exerting neuroprotective effects.* When taken orally as a nutritional supplement, berberine can help address metabolic conditions by beneficially modulating key metabolic pathways and cellular targets involved in both glucose and lipid metabolism.
Unfortunately, berberine exhibits poor natural absorption and bioavailability. This post explains the factors that affect berberine’s absorption rate and why you should consider taking an advanced berberine supplement formulation to better promote your health and wellness.
Berberine’s superior health-promoting effects are undermined by its poor natural absorption and low bioavailability in the body.
| Only 0.5 percent of orally ingested berberine is actually absorbed in the small intestine, and only 0.36 percent enters the body’s circulation.1 Berberine’s absorption rate in the gut is about 9 percent, resulting in systemic bioavailability of less than 1 percent of an orally administered dose in both animal and human models.2 |
|---|
| Typical Berberine Absorption Rates | |
|---|---|
| Studies in healthy subjects show that after oral administration of standard berberine formulations, less than 1% of the ingested dose is absorbed into systemic circulation3. | |
| For example, a pharmacokinetic study found that the absorption rate of berberine powder was less than 1%, with plasma concentrations remaining very low after an 800 mg oral dose4. |
The following table highlights several factors that influence berberine’s absorption rate:3
| Factors That Influence Berberine Absorption Rate | |
|---|---|
| Low Solubility | Berberine’s low solubility in water hinders its ability to move across intestinal plasma membranes and be absorbed by epithelial cells. Salt forms of berberine display relatively better bioavailability than free berberine. Berberine molecules tend to self-aggregate in a low pH/acidic environment, which results in poor absorption in the stomach and small intestine. |
| Rapid Metabolism | Berberine is rapidly distributed to the liver, kidneys, muscles, lungs, brain, heart, pancreas, and fat tissues. Most berberine is initially metabolized in the liver and then undergoes extensive intestinal first-pass elimination. Berberine is filtered out of circulation by the liver, resulting in a low level of systemic circulation. Due to its low bioavailability, berberine can easily reach the intestine and interact with the gut microbiota, transforming into metabolites. |
Various innovative approaches have been explored to overcome berberine’s poor natural absorption, including chemical structure modification, conversion of berberine into salt compounds, packaging it with other nutrients, and encapsulation through nanotechnology.
Most commercially available berberine supplement formulations contain berberine hydrochloride due to its stability and ease of manufacture. However, berberine hydrochloride is characterized by low water solubility and low intestinal permeability, which together contribute to its poor oral bioavailability4. It is also challenging to mask the bitter taste of the salt. As a result, most berberine supplements have either poor palatability or a limited absorption rate.
On the other hand, a nano-formulated berberine supplement is better absorbed even in a lesser amount than is required with other nutrient delivery methods. A nano-formulated berberine supplement also masks the bitter taste of berberine to better achieve user compliance5.
BerberActiv® is a hypoallergenic berberine supplement developed by Tesseract Medical Research. BerberActiv contains a berberine extract derived from the root of the Berberis aristata plant and its regular use promotes both healthy endocrine function and healthy immune function.*
How is Tesseract’s BerberActiv® different from other commercially available berberine supplements?
The advantages of BerberActiv® make berberine a safe and effective reality for promoting optimal gut and endocrine functions.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support healthy endocrine function.*
References:
1https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03438292?term=AREA%5BBasicSearch%5D(berberine)&rank=2&tab=table
2Moon JM, et al. Nutrients vol. 14,1 124. 28 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu14010124
3Liu CS, Zheng YR, Zhang YF, Long XY. Research progress on berberine with a special focus on its oral bioavailability. Fitoterapia. 2016;109:274-282. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.001
4Khoshandam A, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacokinetic of berberine, the main constituent of Berberis vulgaris L.: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res. 2022;36(11):4063-4079. doi:10.1002/ptr.7589
4Sai Durga Surampudi AV, Prasad SR, Ramanujam P, et al. Improving the oral bioavailability of berberine: A crystal engineering approach. Int J Pharm. Published online September 17, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126177
5Xiong W, Sang W, Linghu KG, et al. Dual-functional Brij-S20-modified nanocrystal formulation enhances the intestinal transport and oral bioavailability of berberine. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:3781-3793. Published 2018 Jun 28. doi:10.2147/IJN.S163763
Article Summary:
The aging process is typically associated with the body’s increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes oxidative stress and can severely damage cellular components, including DNA, lipids, proteins, and organelle membranes. The decline in the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and the damage caused by ROS contribute negatively to the aging process.
Coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10) is critical for energy production in all cells. The human body produces most of the CoQ10 it needs for optimal health, and only a small amount of CoQ10 (typically 3-6 mg per day) is obtained through dietary sources.
The body’s ability to synthesize its own CoQ10 decreases with age, and unfortunately, absorption of CoQ10 from food and supplements is limited and variable. Understanding CoQ10’s absorption process and the factors that influence it is key to making an informed choice about whether a CoQ10 nutritional supplement best suits your health needs.
| Human studies consistently demonstrate that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a naturally low absorption rate from dietary sources, primarily due to its hydrophobic nature, large molecular weight, and poor water solubility1. |
The following table highlights the transit time of CoQ10 through the human gastrointestinal tract:2
| Typical CoQ10 Absorption Time | |
|---|---|
| 6 hours | The plasma concentration of ingested CoQ10 peaks after six hours. |
| 12 hours | The complete transit of CoQ10 from the stomach through the small intestines and the lymph to the blood takes 5-8 hours. |
| 33 hours | The absorbed CoQ10 level falls back to half its initial amount in the body. |
The transit time of CoQ10 through the gastrointestinal tract varies among individuals and depends on the types of food eaten. As a result, the normal plasma CoQ10 levels vary from person to person and are typically in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 μg/mL.*
The following table highlights the factors that can affect CoQ10’s absorption rate:
| Factors Influencing CoQ10’s Absorption Rate | |
|---|---|
| Water insolubility | Due to it being naturally hydrophobic, CoQ10 has poor solubility in water. This low solubility adversely impacts its absorption in the aqueous environment of the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Large molecular size | CoQ10 has a relatively large molecular size, and its structural form contains polymorphic crystals that are not well-absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Human intestinal cells require dispersion of the CoQ10 crystals into single molecules or micelles for absorption. |
| Food matrix | Since CoQ10 is a fat-soluble molecule, it is better absorbed with a meal that contains a fat source. |
With the optimal formulation that enhances CoQ10’s absorption rate, twice daily supplementation with 100 mg of CoQ10 can raise the plasma level of CoQ10 from 0.90 to 3.25 mcg/mL, which is the level required for health-promoting efficacy3,4.
Since CoQ10 can only be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract as individual molecules, elevating the concentration of CoQ10 in a supplement formulation to a significantly higher level is not a feasible approach to enhancing its absorption through traditional delivery methods.
Various innovative approaches have been implemented to enhance CoQ10’s absorption rate. Encasing CoQ10 with cyclodextrins can significantly improve its absorption, suggesting that this delivery method is superior to formulations that feature only uncomplexed CoQ10.
Tesseract Medical Research’s CoQ10 Pro® is an innovative CoQ10 nutritional supplement that uses Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nanotechnology, a cyclodextrin nutrient delivery technology, for the unparalleled absorption of billions of CoQ10 molecules in the intestinal tract. This unprecedented absorption of CoQ10 enables micro-dosing: taking CoQ10 in an amount much smaller than previously required to accomplish the desired health-promoting benefits.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support healthy cardiovascular function.*
References:
1,2Mantle D, Dybring A. Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10: An Overview of the Absorption Process and Subsequent Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(5):386. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antiox9050386
3Singh RB, Niaz MA, Kumar A, Sindberg CD, Moesgaard S, Littarru GP. Effect on absorption and oxidative stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men. Biofactors. 2005;25(1-4):219-224. doi:10.1002/biof.5520250127
4Martucci A, Reurean-Pintilei D, Manole A. Bioavailability and Sustained Plasma Concentrations of CoQ10 in Healthy Volunteers by a Novel Oral Timed-Release Preparation. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):527. Published 2019 Feb 28. doi:10.3390/nu11030527
Article Summary:
Quercetin is a natural component found in onions, apples, tomatoes, lettuce, broccoli, and black and green tea. Quercetin is an antioxidant and helps maintain normal inflammatory responses in cells to support healthy heart, brain, and immune functions2.
So, why might it be beneficial to include a quercetin supplement in your regimen if it is naturally present in the foods you eat? This blog explains the factors that affect quercetin’s absorption in the body when consumed through diet alone and why an advanced quercetin supplement can help you obtain the amazing benefits this ingredient has to offer.
Quercetin is well-known for its naturally low solubility in water (only 0.01 mg/ml) and its low stability, which adversely impacts its absorption in the body. The normal process of quercetin absorption in the body is as follows: After oral ingestion, quercetin is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, where it undergoes rapid and extensive phase II metabolism in the enterocytes and subsequently in the liver. Only minor amounts are absorbed in the stomach. After absorption, quercetin and its metabolites are then processed for excretion through urine in the kidneys.
These absorption disadvantages, in turn, limit quercetin’s bioavailability — the amount of quercetin that enters the blood to exert its beneficial bioactive effects. This low natural bioavailability of quercetin hinders its beneficial health effects and role in promoting health functions in the body, which means it has often been taken at high daily dosages (500 – 1,000 mg) to achieve its desired therapeutic outcomes4.
Quercetin glycosides have the highest natural intestinal absorption when compared to other forms of quercetin, such as rutinosides and aglycones.5
Onion is one of the significant dietary sources of quercetin (28.4 – 48.6 mg/100 mg). Clinical trials show that after consuming an onion-rich meal, quercetin values peak from baseline values after two hours and return to baseline values after 24 hours.6 This demonstrates quercetin’s rapid metabolism (peak quercetin level after two hours of consumption), followed by its poor absorption (quercetin level returns to baseline level after 24 hours).
The following table highlights the factors that influence quercetin’s absorption in the body:
| Factors Influencing Quercetin’s Absorption | |
|---|---|
| Chemical structure | Quercetin’s absorption and solubility depend on the linked associated sugar or glycosyl group in its chemical structure. Quercetin aglycone has no associated sugar in its structure and has lower water solubility than quercetin glycoside, which has a glycosyl group. |
| Physico-chemical properties | Quercetin’s low water solubility adversely affects its dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. Quercetin’s stability is pH- and temperature-dependent, therefore, it has limited membrane permeability (it has difficulty passing through cell membranes) and poor natural absorption. |
| Food matrix | Because quercetin is a fat-soluble compound, taking it with dietary fats may enhance its absorption to a certain extent.5 |
Various strategies have been explored to overcome quercetin’s poor natural absorption. Novel nutrient delivery systems can facilitate quercetin’s absorption across cellular membranes while limiting its rapid metabolism and enzymatic degradation.
Encapsulation techniques have been widely used to enhance quercetin’s bioavailability. For example, coating quercetin molecules in a cyclodextrin matrix protects their molecular integrity and enhances their absorption6.
QuerciSorb® Immuphore SR, developed by Tesseract Medical Research, is an innovative nutritional supplement formulated with an exceptionally soluble form of quercetin that supports cardiovascular health and immune function7. This hypoallergenic formulation also contains zinc (as zinc picolinate), vitamin C (as ascorbic acid), and vitamin D (as cholecalciferol).
Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology:
Achieving quercetin’s optimal solubility and its subsequent targeted delivery in the body result in unprecedented absorption, and make its many health-promoting benefits a reality.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support healthy immune function.*
References:
1,3,6Liu L, Barber E, Kellow NJ, Williamson G. Improving quercetin bioavailability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies. Food Chem. 2025;477:143630. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143630
2,5McAnlis GT, et al. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition vol. 53,2 (1999):92-96. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600682
4Hollman CH, et al. FEBS Letters, vol. 418, no. 1-2, 1997:152-156 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01367-7. Accessed 24 Jul. 2025.
7De Vries JH, et al. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 68, no. 1, 1998:60-65 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.1.60. Accessed 24 Jul. 2025.
Article Summary:
The aging process is typically associated with the body’s increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS causes oxidative stress and can severely damage cellular components, including DNA, lipids, proteins, and organelle membranes. The decline in the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and the damage caused by ROS contribute negatively to the aging process.
Glutathione, a potent antioxidant, is present in every cell in the body and is crucial for eliminating ROS and mitigating oxidative stress2. Glutathione’s critical role as a detoxifying agent and free radical scavenger is why it is often referred to as the body’s ‘master antioxidant.’ Impairment of glutathione’s function in the brain is linked to the loss of neurons during the aging process, which can result in neurological disorders3. A low level of glutathione is also associated with deteriorating gastrointestinal health and endocrine health, as well as less-than-healthy skin and hair4.
One of the best ways to enhance depleted glutathione levels is by including a glutathione supplement in your regular health routine. Let’s further examine the benefits of glutathione supplementation and why you should include an advanced glutathione formulation to support healthy aging.*
Glutathione supplements vary in mode of delivery, which include oral, intranasal, intravenous/intramuscular, and nebulized modes.
The following table highlights glutathione supplement benefits and how they promote various health functions:
| Benefits of Glutathione Supplementation | |
|---|---|
| Health Function | Benefits |
| Nervous system* | Glutathione supplementation provides neuronal defense against damage caused by free radicals.*5 |
| Gastrointestinal system* | Research indicates a direct correlation between a low glutathione concentration and mucosal damage in various adverse conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.* A glutathione supplement protects mucosal cells in the gastrointestinal tract from oxidative stress.*6 |
| Immune Function* | Glutathione supplements help maintain a delicately balanced intermediate glutathione level in lymphoid cells for optimal immune function.*7 |
| Endocrine System* | As a detoxifying agent and antioxidant, glutathione protects the liver from oxidative stress.*8 Glutathione can reduce elevated liver enzymes and support hepatic metabolism.*9 |
| Skin and Hair | Topical and intravenous glutathione promote healthy skin and hair via their antioxidant mechanisms.10 |
Alternative delivery methods, such as intravenous or intramuscular glutathione injections, bypass the absorption of glutathione in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing it to enter the bloodstream directly. Although these injections are particularly popular for skin care and wellness applications, IV glutathione drips require medical supervision and sometimes aren’t compatible with certain health conditions.
When considering adding an oral glutathione supplement to your diet, you should select an advanced formulation that ensures optimal bioavailability and absorption.
Tesseract Medical Research’s SafeCell® is a unique glutathione supplement formulation that solves the challenges of glutathione’s palatability, bioavailability, and absorption.
SafeCell’s acetylated form of glutathione formula utilizes Tesseract’s proprietary CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology that enables unprecedented absorption of glutathione. SafeCell promotes the optimal functioning of other antioxidants, supports natural detoxification pathways, down-regulates oxidative stress, and supports optimal cellular and neurological function because it can readily cross the blood-brain barrier.*
The Tesseract Detoxification Solution helps you maintain optimal health as you age.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, bioavailability and absorption, and micro-dosing of multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support healthy aging.*
References:
1Sekhar, Rajagopal V et al. The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 94,3 (2011): 847-53. doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.003483
2,3Kwon, Da Hye et al. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 8,4 82. 1 Apr. 2019, doi:10.3390/antiox8040082
4Pizzorno, Joseph. “Glutathione!.” Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) vol. 13,1 (2014): 8-12.
5Park MK, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 24,3 2950. 2 Feb 2023, doi:10.3390/ijms24032950
6Bhattacharyya A, et al. Physiological Reviews vol. 94,2(2014):329-354. doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2012
7Dröge W, Breitkreutz R. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society vol. 59,4(2000):595-600. doi:10.1017/s0029665100000847
8Vairetti M, et al. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 10,3 364. 28 Feb 2021, doi:10.3390/antiox10030364
9Honda Y, et al. BMC Gastroenterology vol. 17,1 96. 8 Aug 2017, doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0652-3
10Weschawalit S, et al. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology vol. 10 147-153. 27 Apr 2017, doi:10.2147/CCID.S128339
Article Summary:
The presence of curcumin as a constituent of turmeric makes turmeric both a valuable spice and widely used in traditional medicine. Turmeric contains about 3-8 percent curcumin. Research has demonstrated several health benefits of curcumin, including its role as both an antioxidant and an immunomodulatory agent to promote healthy immune, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal function. Additionally, curcumin helps maintain the health of the heart, liver, and nervous system.
Unfortunately, curcumin’s naturally poor absorption and bioavailability adversely impact its efficacy as a nutritional supplement, causing significant amounts of curcumin needing to be taken to achieve its bioefficacy. But what causes the poor natural solubility and absorption of curcumin?
This blog post explains the factors that impact curcumin’s absorption and how an advanced supplement formulation, such as Tesseract’s TetraCumin®, utilizes an innovative nutrient delivery technology to enhance curcumin’s bioavailability.
The poor bioavailability of any natural compound, including curcumin, within the body can be due to the following factors:
Curcumin is a fat-soluble molecule, meaning it has limited solubility in the aqueous gastrointestinal environment. As a result, it undergoes rapid metabolism and is eliminated from the body. Several studies have established curcumin’s poor absorption:
The following table highlights the factors that cause curcumin’s poor absorption in the body:
| Key That Factors Hinder Curcumin Absorption | |
|---|---|
| Tight binding to mucus in the GI tract: | Curcumin binds tightly to the mucus lining of the GI tract, leading to its degradation, and further reducing its availability for absorption. |
| Extensive biotransformation: | Curcumin undergoes extensive metabolism. The liver’s Phase I metabolism breaks down curcumin into various metabolites that are further subjected to Phase II conjugation, whichalters curcumin into water-soluble forms that are readily excreted. |
| Absorption | Traditional formulations don’t utilize nutrient delivery systems that optimize absorption. |
| Minimal Reabsorption in the colon | Curcumin and its metabolites rapidly transit through the GI tract and undergo only limited reabsorption in the large intestine. |
Traditionally, curcumin has been taken with a fatty meal or milk to increase its absorption. This is because curcumin, as a fat soluble molecule, dissolves more readily in fats and oils but does so poorly in water. dditionly, compounds like piperine (found in black pepper) act as adjuvants that can enhance curcumin’s bioavailability.
However, in contrast to traditional methods, innovative formulations, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, and phospholipid complexes, offer longer circulation times, enhanced permeability, and resistance to rapid metabolism.
TetraCumin®, developed by Tesseract Medical Research, is an innovative nutritional supplement that optimizes curcumin’s absorption and bioavailability.
How does TetraCumin® differ from traditional curcumin supplements?
As one of the best curcumin nutritional supplements, TetraCumin® enhances curcumin’s absorption rate to better promote your health and wellness.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your neurological health and well-being.*
References:
1Prasad S, et al. Cancer Research and Treatment vol. 46,1 (2014):2-18. doi:10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2
2Shoba G, et al. Planta Medica vol. 64,4 (1998):353-356. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957450
The good bacteria in your gut breaks down the undigested fiber in your food and produces butyric acid—a short-chain fatty acid crucial for gut and brain health. While butyric acid is primarily produced in the gut, butyric acid can be directly found directly through plant oils and animal fat and indirectly through fiber-rich foods..
Butyric acid plays a key role in gut health, brain health, and overall wellness, yet many people aren’t sure where to get it or why it matters. This post breaks down what makes this multi-functional molecule so unique, explores the best sources of butyric acid, and explains when a high-quality supplement might be worth considering. . Use the links below to jump to specific topics related to the post.
The human intestine is populated with an array of bacterial flora that make up the internal microbiome. These bacteria use complex microbial pathways to ferment insoluble fiber and carbohydrates, an end-product of which is butyric acid.
The butyric acid produced by these keystone bacteria in the large intestine from the fermentation of undigested dietary fiber,however, it is the least abundant of the major short chain fatty acids produced in the colon, but is a critical substrate for the energy production of the cells that line the large intestine (colonocytes). Butyric acid contributes to 70-80 percent of the energy required by colonocytes to absorb nutrients, to maintain the gut’s protective barrier, and to ensure a balanced inflammatory response in the gut1.
Ongoing research on the health-promoting benefits of butyric acid indicates that it has enormous untapped potential for various health functions. The following table highlights how butyric acid production supports vital health functions in the body.*2
| How Does Butyric Acid Promote Health Functions? | |
|---|---|
| Maintaining hydration | It stimulates sodium chloride in the colon, which can help prevent dehydration3. |
| Regulating colonocyte cell cycle* | It regulates the cell cycle of colonocytes, which is a finely tuned balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (cell death), which is essential for colonic health and disease prevention4. |
| Maintaining normal inflammatory responses | The presence of butyric acid helps maintain normal gastrointestinal inflammatory responses.* |
| Influencing immune responses | Butyric acid protects the intestinal mucosa from pathogens and beneficially influences the mucosa’s immune responses. |
| Regulating intestinal motility | Butyric acid helps regulate the normal movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Maintaining normal glucose levels | A healthy level of butyric acids helps limit insulin resistance — when cells are unable to absorb glucose from the blood5. |
| Maintaining normal cholesterol levels* | The presence of butyric acid limits the intestine’s absorption of cholesterol6. |
| Promoting brain health* | Butyric acid enhances the stimulation of neurogenesis — the formation of new neurons in the brain7. |
In the section above, we’ve highlighted a broad spectrum of health benefits for butyric acid. In this section, we’ll focus more specifically on Butyric’s emerging health benefits for gastrointestinal and neurologic health. For example, there is growing evidence8 supporting the influence of the gut microbiome on human brain functions via the gut-brain axis, and butyric acid (butyrate) may play a beneficial role in regulating behavior.*
The table below lists resources that further explain how butyric acid exerts beneficial effects in supporting gastrointestinal and neurological function.
The body needs dietary fiber in order for the large intestine to produce butyric acid. Including high-fiber foods in your diet is a natural way to increase your body’s level of butyric acid– specifically, insoluble fibers.Insoluble fiber is fiber that does not dissolve in water, therefore, passes through the small intestine undigested.For example, seeds and legumes are insoluble fiber sources; since they resist digestion in the small intestine, they can be fermented in the large intestine by the gut bacteria to produce butyric acid.
The graphic below shows examples of food sources that enhance the body’s butyric acid production:
Please format this pie chart so it looks proper 🙂
Although a fiber-rich diet enhances butyric acid production, this may not be suitable for everyone. A high fiber intake, primarily insoluble fiber, can cause uncomfortable bloating, gas, and abdominal pain, especially in those with underlying gastrointestinal conditions. Additionally, butyrate production in the body can be adversely affected by:
Any of these factors can make it difficult to consume and tolerate the sufficient amount of fiber to produce the desired level of butyric acid. A butyric acid nutritional supplement offers an easy way to enhance the level of butyrate in the intestine.
Although conventional butyric acid supplements include butyrate mineral salts and sodium butyrate enemas, these formulations pose absorption challenges and can have an unpalatable taste and odor.
On the other hand, encapsulating butyric acid molecules through the proprietary technology developed by Tesseract Medical Research overcomes the obstacles to ingesting a butyric acid supplement. Tesseract’s innovative nutrient delivery technology:
Currently available clinical data establishes butyric acid as a safe supplement with no known toxicity. The most commonly reported side effects of oral butyric acid supplementation are mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and headaches, which are typically transient. .
The high viscosity of the contents of the intestines, and the rapid absorption of short-chain fatty acids increase the difficulty of determining the optimal amount of butyric acid supplementation. However, the recommended amount of butyric acid, as present in currently available nutritional supplements, is 150-300 mg per day.3
It is always advised to consult your health-care provider before incorporating a butyric acid supplement into your healthcare plan or taking it with prescription medicine.
The efficacy of a butyric acid supplement is determined by the absorption and bioavailability of the butyric acid molecules. Supplement formulations using advanced encapsulation techniques display enhanced efficacy compared to non-encapsulated butyric acid.
An advanced formulation such as ProButyrate®, developed by Tesseract Medical Research, utilizes the proprietary and innovative CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology to boost the absorption of butyric acid molecules. The CyLoc® technology isolates and encases individual butyrate molecules in their own dextrin carrier to ensure integrity and palatability.
Tesseract’s DexKey® technology accompanies each CyLoc® molecule as a release agent to deploy targeted butyrate molecules at the desired point in the intestinal tract. The effective time-release delivery of individual butyrate molecules promotes a healthy intestinal environment, resulting in overall positive health and wellness benefits.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your gastrointestinal and neurological health and well-being.*
References:
1Karim MR, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, et al. Butyrate’s (a short-chain fatty acid) microbial synthesis, absorption, and preventive roles against colorectal and lung cancer. Arch Microbiol. 2024;206(4):137. Published 2024 Mar 4. doi:10.1007/s00203-024-03834-7
2Canani RB, et al. World Journal of Gastroenterology vol. 17,12 (2011):1519-1528. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1519
3Canani RB, Terrin G, Cirillo P, et al. Butyrate as an effective treatment of congenital chloride diarrhea. Gastroenterology. 2004;127(2):630-634. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.071
4Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):3061. Published 2021 Mar 17. doi:10.3390/ijms22063061
5Coppola S, Nocerino R, Paparo L, et al. Therapeutic Effects of Butyrate on Pediatric Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(12):e2244912. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44912
6Chen Y, Xu C, Huang R, Song J, Li D, Xia M. Butyrate from pectin fermentation inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2018;56:175-182. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.011
7Kim HJ, Leeds P, Chuang DM. The HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate, stimulates neurogenesis in the ischemic brain. J Neurochem. 2009;110(4):1226-1240. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06212.x
8Kalkan AE, BinMowyna MN, Raposo A, et al. Beyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate’s Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2025;17(8):1305. Published 2025 Apr 9. doi:10.3390/nu17081305
Article Summary:
Glutathione — often called the body’s “master antioxidant” — is central for maintaining health. It helps neutralize free radicals, supports detoxification, and shields your cells from oxidative stress. Beyond its antioxidant power, glutathione also plays a key role in cellular function and nutrient metabolism.
There are many factors that can contribute to low endogenous glutathione levels. Some of these factors include poor lifestyle and diet, growing age, and various pathological conditions. Research demonstrates that daily consumption of glutathione nutritional supplements can effectively increase the body’s glutathione levels, strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms, and promote cellular metabolism.1 *
However, glutathione is a ‘difficult-to-absorb’ molecule. This blog post explains the factors that affect glutathione’s absorption and why it can be beneficial to include an advanced glutathione nutritional supplement in your healthcare plan.
Circulating glutathione concentrations in the body typically range between 5 to 7micomoles/liter2. However, glutathione’s relative distribution within cells is difficult to determine because oxidized glutathione (GSSH) rapidly recycles back to reduced glutathione (GSH).
Glutathione can be administered through several different routes: oral, sublingual, intravenous, and intranasal. Orally administered glutathione is primarily absorbed in the intestine, while circulating glutathione is cleared by the kidneys, which leads to its poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of glutathione, when taken orally, is below one percent due to enzymatic degradation and poor gastrointestinal absorption3.
Let’s examine the factors that influence the body’s absorption of an oral glutathione supplement.
| Factors Affecting Glutathione Absorption | |
|---|---|
| Rapid Glutathione Metabolism | Research2 indicates that oral glutathione is primarily absorbed in the upper jejunum — the second part of the small intestine. Under the action of the enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase, glutathione undergoes rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Further, a significant amount of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the GI tract recycles GSH precursors. |
| Excretion of Circulating Glutathione | Circulating glutathione conjugates formed in the liver are excreted intact in bile or converted to water-soluble by-products in the kidneys to be excreted in urine. |
The above challenges to oral glutathione absorption are best addressed with an innovative supplement formulation that enhances the absorption and subsequent bioavailability of glutathione molecules.
Oral glutathione supplementation is well-tolerated and is commonly preferred over other routes. An advanced glutathione supplement can help enhance the absorption of the active nutrient.
SafeCell®, a proprietary formulation developed by Tesseract Medical Research, contains S-Actetyl-Glutathione. Tesseract’s innovative CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery technology achieves targeted delivery and enhanced absorption of the acetyl glutathione molecules in the gastrointestinal tract.
The CyLoc® technology encloses each glutathione molecule in a dextrin fiber delivery cage to maintain its integrity until it reaches the desired point of delivery in the body. The accompanying DexKey® reactors release the glutathione molecules at the desired release points in the body.
With the unprecedented absorption of acetylated glutathione, SafeCell® overcomes glutathione’s absorption challenges, promotes the optimal function of other antioxidants, decreases oxidative stress, and supports the body’s natural detoxification pathways, resulting in optimal cellular and neurological health functions.*
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your neurological health and well-being.*
References:
1Sinha R, Sinha I, Calcagnotto A, et al. Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(1):105-111. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.132
2Sotgia S, Fois AG, Paliogiannis P, Carru C, Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. Methodological Fallacies in the Determination of Serum/Plasma Glutathione Limit Its Translational Potential in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Molecules. 2021;26(6):1572. Published 2021 Mar 12. doi:10.3390/molecules26061572
3Gould RL, Pazdro R. Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1056. Published 2019 May 11. doi:10.3390/nu11051056
Are you looking for the most effective Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplement to promote the health of your heart? Did you know that CoQ10 is one of the most frequently consumed nutritional supplements for heart health across the globe?
CoQ10 is an antioxidant that your body naturally makes to support a wide range of health functions, including the healthy functioning of the heart, immune system, reproductive system, and skin. On a cellular level, CoQ10 plays two critical roles: cellular energy production and helping to maintain the body’s normal inflammatory responses.
When you are considering adding a CoQ10 supplement to your daily supplement regimen, the first question to ask is which form of CoQ10 is the most effective? Below, we discuss different CoQ10 types, the most effective CoQ10 supplement, and why you should include an advanced CoQ10 supplement in your regimen/routine/plan.
Are you aware of the adverse health conditions that can arise from having a low level of CoQ10? Research indicates that CoQ10’s level naturally dips as we age1. Because CoQ10 is involved in cellular energy production, its low level can cause mitochondrial dysfunction which negatively impacts energy production. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cells of the body’s vital organs, such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and others, can also lead to several adverse health conditions2.
Genetic mutations and certain adverse health conditions can also result in a low CoQ10 level. In addition, certain medications, such as statins used to lower cholesterol levels, can adversely impact CoQ10’s synthesis in the body3.
So, how does CoQ10 support the body’s various health functions? The following table highlights its role in several health functions:
| Health Function | CoQ10 Supplement Benefits |
|---|---|
| Heart | Helps maintain healthy lipid profiles (optimal cholesterol levels) and normal blood pressure.Limits oxidative stress to protect heart muscle tissues.Helps mitigate muscle aches and weakness — the side effects of many statin medications4. |
| Skin | Promotes healthy skin by enhancing the metabolism of aging skin cells5. Stimulates the synthesis of collagen — a critical protein the body uses to grow new skin. Helps maintain the skin’s stability and elasticity.* |
| Reproductive Health | Enhances the quality of immature egg cells (oocytes).Supports a favorable environment for the healthy development of ovarian follicles6. |
| Immune System | Helps maintain the body’s natural inflammatory response.Plays a critical function within the lysosome, a key cellular structure involved in the body’s normal immune responses.Supports optimal functioning of immune cells by enhancing cellular energy production. |
In the previous section, we discussed potential causes of CoQ10’s level depletion. To summarize, the most likely causes are aging, certain pathologies, and genetic predispositions.
If your body’s CoQ10 level is low, consuming it through diet alone may not be sufficient to replete levels for optimal function. Therefore, a nutritional supplement can help replenish a depleted or suboptimal CoQ10 level.
But what is the most effective type of CoQ10 supplement? CoQ10 nutritional supplements are usually available as:
Although the intravenous administration of CoQ10 enhances its absorption, oral CoQ10 supplements are still widely popular because of the convenience of taking a capsule or tablet without the need for ongoing medical supervision. It is still advised to start any new supplementation under the guidance of a licensed medical professional.
So, how can you realize the benefits of an oral CoQ10 supplement? The answer lies in the type of formulation.
If you are looking for a CoQ10 supplement at your local pharmacy or online, then you will likely come across formulations that contain either ubiquinol or ubiquinone, which are two types of Coq10. The reduced form being ubiquinol and the oxidized form being ubiquinone. Your body converts between these two forms as needed to perform its functions, which include cellular energy production and acting as an antioxidant. Which CoQ10 form should you choose?
The following table highlights how ubiquinol and ubiquinone differ at a chemical level:
| Ubiquinol versus Ubiquinone | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ubiquinol | Ubiquinone | |
| Chemical form | It is the reduced form of CoQ10. | It is the oxidized form of CoQ10. |
| Function | It provides antioxidant protection to cellular membrane lipids and lipoprotein lipids. | It is involved in the electron transport chain in the inner membranes of mitochondria — the key cellular component for energy production. |
So, which of these two forms of CoQ10 is more absorbable? It was assumed initially that ubiquinol enhances absorption because of the conversion of ubiquinone to ubiquinol in gastrointestinal cells. However, research now indicates there is no significant difference between their respective absorption and subsequent bioavailability—the amount of CoQ10 entering the systemic circulation to exert therapeutic effects7.
Conventionally, CoQ10 supplements have been formulated only in the ubiquinone form because ubiquinol is unstable in nature. However, innovative encapsulation technologies have developed CoQ10 nanoformulations that contain the ubiquinol form.
It is worth noting that irrespective of the form, solubilized formulations of CoQ10 have a superior bioavailability than unformulated CoQ108. Yet, several CoQ10 supplement formulations do not achieve the desired beneficial outcomes because of CoQ10’s poor natural absorption and bioavailability.
Single CoQ10 capsules are available in 30 mg to 600 mg amounts. However, increasing the CoQ10 concentration per capsule to a significantly high level is not a feasible approach to enhancing its absorption through traditional delivery methods.
So, why is CoQ10 poorly absorbed? Here are the factors that impact its absorption and bioavailability:
Most CoQ10 nutritional supplements are produced through the yeast fermentation process. However, is every CoQ10 supplement developed equally and do they provide the desired benefits? The answer to both questions is: no. In actuality, the efficiency of a CoQ10 supplement depends on how it is formulated.
Identifying the most effective CoQ10 supplement is critical to achieving CoQ10’s many health-promoting benefits. When considering a CoQ10 nutritional supplement, you should consider:
Now that you know that traditional delivery methods don’t work well for CoQ10 absorption in oral supplement formulations, the next question is what types of CoQ10 formulations do work? The following are several pharmacological approaches that have enhanced the solubility of CoQ10 formulations, including:
Encasing CoQ10 molecules with cyclodextrins has been found to significantly enhance absorption and bioavailability, indicating the superiority of this delivery process to formulations that feature uncomplexed CoQ10.
The innovative CyLoc® – DexKey® nutrient delivery nanotechnology developed by Tesseract Medical Research optimizes the absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 in the gastrointestinal tract, making it a significantly effective CoQ10 supplement. CoQ10 Pro® — Tesseract’s formulation for promoting cardiovascular health — achieves unprecedented absorption of CoQ10 molecules, thus enabling micro-dosing — taking CoQ10 in an amount much less than previously required to accomplish the desired benefits.
Although CoQ10 is relatively safe as an oral nutritional supplement, it can interact with some prescription medicines. Consult your health-care provider before including a CoQ10 supplement in your routine/regimen.
There is limited data on the safety of using CoQ10 during pregnancy and breastfeeding, therefore it is recommended to consult your health-care provider before taking a CoQ10 supplement during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
The power of Tesseract supplements lies in enhancing palatability, maximizing solubility, absorption, and bioavailability, and micro-dosing multiple nutrients in a single, highly effective capsule. Shop products on our website and learn more about how they support your heart health.*
References:
1Barcelos, et al. Biology vol. 8,2 28. 11 May. 2019, doi:10.3390/biology8020028
2https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/mitochondrial-disorders
3Rundek, Tatjana et al. Archives of neurology vol. 61,6 (2004): 889-92. doi:10.1001/archneur.61.6.889
4Skarlovnik, Ajda et al. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research vol. 20 2183-8. 6 Nov. 2014, doi:10.12659/MSM.890777
5Lain, Edward Ted et al.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology vol. 17,8 (2024): 50-55.
6Ben-Meir, Assaf et al. Aging cell vol. 14,5 (2015): 887-95. doi:10.1111/acel.12368
7,9Mantle, David, and Alex Dybring. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 9,5 386. 5 May. 2020, doi:10.3390/antiox9050386
8Pravst, Igor et al. Nutrients vol. 12,3 784. 16 Mar. 2020, doi:10.3390/nu12030784
